Beginning with the liquid pentane and going down the list, the boiling points of the various substances gradually rise. This means that at ordinary temperatures there are in the series a number of substances of consistencies varying from that of water to that of lard and wax. Advantage is taken of this fact in the separation of the many hydrocarbons in the manufacture of various oils, etc.
46. Crude Oils. — Crude oils from different localities differ considerably in the proportions of lighter oils that they
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TABLE VIII SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF PENNSYLVANIA OIL Boiling Point Temperature Fahrenheit up to Distillate Specific Gravity Per Cent. Flashing Temperature Degrees Fahrenheit 113 113-140 140-338 | 338-482 482 Rhigolene Chymogene Gasoline, naphtha, and benzine Kerosene Lubricants Wax Waste .59 to .625 .636 to .737 .780 to .820 .85 to .915 traces 16 50 15 2 16 O to 32 100 to 122 230
contain, and also in the character of the solid constituents that remain after distillation. Most of the gasoline and naphtha used in the United States comes from the crude oil of the Western Pennsylvania and Ohio oil fields, the oil from these sections containing a much greater proportion of these constituents than the oils of California and Texas. Texas oil differs also from that of the eastern districts just mentioned, in that its principal solid constituent, known as its base, is asphalt; whereas the solid residue, or base, of the Pennsylvania oil is chiefly paraffin.
