Ps. 50:5. So perhaps Ex. 12:8 עַל־מְרֹרִים with bitter herbs (the idea in addition to is less expressive), Nu. 9:11.[1]
Prep. עִם is with of accompaniment. Hence the sense of beside, near locally, Gen. 25:11; 35:4, Jud. 9:6, 1 S. 10:2. So its use in comparisons, Job 9:26 עִם־אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶה like ships of reed, Ps. 88:5; and in the sense as well as, 1 Chr. 25:8, Ecc. 2:16. In 1 S. 16:12; 17:42 עם seems used adverbially unless יְפֵה be employed nominally, along with beauty of eyes.
Prep. תַּחַת under, below; hence such usage as 1 S. 14:9 תַּחְתֵּינוּ where we stand (under us), on the spot, Jos. 5:8; 6:5, Jud. 7:21, 2 S. 2, 23. So the sense instead; and תּ׳ אֲשֶׁר because.
The particle כְּ like, as, is either a prep. or an undeveloped noun, instar. If the latter, it may be in appos. with a previous word or in acc. of condition. If a prep. it is used in a pregnant sense; in either case it governs the gen. Ps. 95:8 harden not your hearts כִּמְרִיבָה as at M., 83:10 do to them כְּסִֽיסְרָא as to S., Gen. 34:31 הַכְזוֹנָה as with a harlot? Hos. 2:5 כְּיוֹם הוָּֽלְרָהּ as on the day. Is. 1:25; 5:17; 10:26; 23:15; 28:21; 51:9, Hos. 2:17; 9:9; 12:10, Am. 9:11, Ps. 35:14, Job 28:5; 29:2.
The first element of the compound prepp. is chiefly מן or אל. The form מִפְּנֵי in earlier writings is mostly a prep. incommodi; in later style it is used for because of, for the sake of, even in a favourable sense.
- ↑ From the sense upon comes the general use of על as a prep. incommodi, opposed to ל. Particularly in the expression of feelings and mental states with such words as heart, soul, spirit, the prep. suggests the pressure upon the subject of the feeling or state. Jer. 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַוָּי my heart is sick upon me, Hos. 11:8, Lam. 3:20, Job 10:1; 14:22; 30:16, Ps. 42:6, 7, 12; 43:5; 131:2; 142:4; 143:4, Jon. 2:8. In translation in must often be used, and sometimes the prep. is almost untranslatable, e.g. Gen. 48:7 Rachel died עָלַי, cf. Nu. 11:13, Jud. 14:16, The primary sense may become weakened in usage, Neh. 5:7.
