Isa. 5:18 מֽשְׁכֵי הֶֽעָוֹן dragging on iniquity, v. 23 מַצְדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע justifying the wicked.
§ 24. The genius of the language is not favourable to the formation of adjectives, and the gen. is used in various ways as explicative of the preceding noun, indicating its material, qualities, or relations. (a) When the gen. is identical with the cons., merely expressing for ex. its name, as Gen. 2:15 גַּן־עֵדֶן the garden of Eden; 15:18 נְהַר־פְּרָת the river of Euphrates; Is. 41:14 תּוֹלַעַת יַֽעֲקֹב thou worm (of) Jacob; Is. 37:22 בַּת יְרֽוּשָׁלִָם the daughter of Jerus. Or the class to which it belongs, Is. 9:5 פֵּלֶא יוֹעֵץ a wonder of a counsellor; Hos. 13:2 זֹֽבְחֵי אָדָם men who sacrifice; Gen. 16:12 פֶּרֶא אָדָם a wild ass of man; Is. 1:4 זֶרַע מְרֵעִים a race of malefactors. 1 K. 10:15, Is. 29:19, Mic. 5:4, Pr. 15:20, 2 Chr. 2:7.
(b) When the gen. is the material; Gen. 24:22 נֶזֶם זָהָב a ring of gold; Ex. 20:24 מִזְבַּח אֲדָמָה an altar of earth. Gen. 3:21, Jud. 7:13, 1 K. 6:36, Is. 2:20, Ps. 2:9. Or the commodity or article in measure, weight, or number, Jud. 6:19 אֵיפַת קֶמַח an ephah of meal, Gen. 21:14, 1 S. 16, 20; 17:17, Hos. 3:2. — The consn. by Apposition is very common in this case, § 29. See also the Numerals, §§ 36, 37.
(c) When the gen. is an attribute or quality, 1 K. 20:31 מַלְכֵי חֶסֶד clement kings; Jud. 11:1 גִּבּוֹר חַיִל a valiant hero; Lev. 19:36 מֹֽאזְנֵי צֶדֶק right balances; Is. 43:28 שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ holy princes, and very often in later writings. Or more generally: Is. 51:11 שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם everlasting joy; Zech. 11:4 צֹאן הַֽהֲרֵגָה the flock (destined) for slaughter; Is. 13:3 עַלִּיזֵי גַֽאֲוָתִי my proud exulters (Zeph. 3:11). Is. 13:8; 22:2; 28:4; 32:2, Ex. 29:29, Ps. 5:7; 23:2, Pr. 1:9; 5:19, Zeph. 3:4. Jer. 20:17 with child always. — The equivalence of this gen. to the adj. appears from the loose constructions, Deu. 25:15 אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה וָצֶדֶק a full and right
