sense of plup. except in continuance of a perf. of that meaning. When and introduces something anterior to the general narrative, it is usually disconnected with the verb, which is then preceded by its subj. (§ 39 c). There are a few peculiar cases, Ex. 32:29, 1 S. 14:24, 1 K. 13:12, Is. 39:1, Jer. 39:11, Zech. 7:2, Neh. 2:9. There is nothing to show that Ex. 32:29 is anterior, it seems parallel to v. 26, 27. In 1 S. 14:24 Sep. has a different text in which וַיֹּאֶל stands quite regularly. In 1 K. 13:12 the sense requires hiph. וַיַּרְאוּ and they showed. Possibly Is. 39:1 should rd. as 2 K. 20:12 כי שׁמע, though the mere fact of a different reading is not conclusive. See Driver’s exhaustive note p. 84.
§ 49. (a) Vav impf. continues a perf. of experience, expressing a common truth. Is. 40:24 נָשַׁף בָּהֶם וַיִּבָֽשׁוּ he blows upon them, and they wither; Job 7:9 כָּלָה עָנָן וַיֵּלַךְ the cloud wastes away and vanishes. Nah. 3:16, Job 14:2; 24:2, 11. So in continuance of a ptcp. with this meaning. Am. 5:8 הַקּוֹרֵא לִמֵי הַיָּם וַיִּשְׁפְּכֵם who calleth the waters of the sea, and poureth them; 9:5. — Gen. 49:17, 1 S. 2:6, Jer. 10:13, Am. 6:3, Mic. 7:3, Nah. 1:4, Ps. 34:8, cf. v. 21, Job 12:18, 22–25, Pr. 21:22.
(b) In continuance of prophetic perf. Is. 9:5 בֵּן נִתַּן־לָנוּ וַתְּהִי ··· וַיִּקְרָא a son has been given us, and the government is laid upon his shoulder, and they have called. Ps. 22:30 אָֽכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ all the fat of the earth have eaten and worshipped. In such cases the fut. is almost necessary in Engl. owing to our different way of thinking. Is. 5:25; 24:18; 48:20, 21, Mic. 2:13, Jer. 8:16, Ps. 20:9. After perf. of confidence, Ps. 109:28. With no preceding perf., but stating the issue of actions just described, Is. 2:9 וַיִּשַּׁח אָדָם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִישׁ therefore men are brought down, and man humbled (punishment, not practice as A.V.), cf. 5:15; 44:12, 13. Job 5:15, 16; 36:7. Or confident expectation, Ps. 64:8–10 וַיֹּרֵם hath shot at them, &c. 94:22, 23; 37:40.
