58 yournal of American Folk-Lore.
dence of local environmental influence, — aquatic animals, not beau- tiful flowers, or noble trees, are the chief motif.
Catuquinaru. In the " Archivio per 1' Antropologia e la Etno- logia" (vol. xxviii. pp. 381-386) Dr. Giglioli gives an account (after that of G. E. Church in the London " Geographical Journal," for 1898) of the remarkable primitive telephone discovered by Dr. Bach among the Catuquinaru, a nomadic Indian tribe of the northeast frontier of Bolivia and Peru. These Indians are the Katukina of Ehrenreich and the Catoquina of Brinton. The cambarysu, as this instrument is called, is of a very ingenious construction, the details of which must be read in the two articles referred to. It is said that every house among these Indians possesses one of the instru- ments, by the beating of which, in various ways, signals are given, and that the sound is transferred subterraneously for more than a mile. This remarkable invention certainly deserves the most thorough investigation. Dr. Giglioli gives a plan of its construction.
Guarano. In the Parisian " Journal d'Hygiene" (vol. xxiii. pp. 505-508), M. H. Chastrey writes of " L'hygiene et la medecine chez les Indiens Guaranos."
Patagonia. Domenico Melanesio's " La Patagonia. Lingua, in- dustria, costumi e religioni del Patagonia" (Buenos Aires, 1898, 8vo) is another evidence of the activity of Italian ethnographers and writers in the meridional countries of South America.
Peru. In the " American Antiquarian " (vol. xxi. pp. 271-277) for Sept.-Oct, 1899, Mr. A. F. Berlin writes briefly of " Terra-cotta Antiquities from the Land of the Incas," describing certain speci- mens in the collection of the late Dr. T. W. Detwiller, of Bethlehem, Pa. The pottery of Peru representing human and animal forms is of great interest. The author notes the occurrence of the swastika on one of the clay stamps.
GENERAL.
Anthropophagy. In the " Internationales Archiv fur Ethnogra- phic" (vol. xii. 1899, pp. 78-110), Theodor Koch publishes a thor- oughgoing study on " Die Anthropophagie der Siidamerikanischen Indianer." After a general discussion of allied customs and the belief in the transference of the qualities of an animal or a human being to another by the eating of his flesh, or a part of it, the au- thor discusses in detail the past and present cannibalism of the various tribes of South American Indians. The author distinguishes eating one's enemies and eating one's own people. The spirit of revenge, heightened by the shedding of blood and the hand to hand combat, incites to the use of the old-time natural weapons of man, his teeth, and lust and revenge are satiated by cannibalism.
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