er in the direction of the spectator, the upper circumference of this valley is seen in the shape of an oval ring, formed by the crest of the surrounding ridge. In the middle of this ring, the upper part of a regular cone is visible, from the apex of which small white vapour-like clouds emanate. It is also distinguished from the surrounding darker masses by its grey colour, and some large white marks on it, like fields of snow. An entrance is not discernible.
The slopes towards the sea are generally covered with shrubby vegetation, presenting however some bare patches towards the upper edge; small trees grow about the base, where large rounded stones are washed by the sea.
Turning now to the S. and S. W. the enclosing wall is higher than the cone and the crest of the opposite ridge, and both therefore disappear from the view. On this side the vegetation down the spurs to the sea may be called rich, and consists of different forest trees of moderate height, interspersed with graceful palms; and where the descent is rocky, the rocks are frequently covered with ferns.
Passing to the westward of the centre of the island, and continuing the survey towards the northern end, one of the first turns discovers a large gap in the circular wall, extending quite down to the base of the island, through which the interior of the valley, with the cone in the middle, opens at once into full view.
The sides of this gap or fissure in the circular wall form a regular cut or short transverse valley through it, opening towards the sea into a small bay, and on the other side into the circular valley, to which it is the only way of access. Opposite this entrance, in the centre of the valley, rises the cone of grey ashes, and surrounding its base the bottom of the valley is filled with black masses of cold lava, which are continued like a congealed stream through the gap, breaking off abruptly when they arrive near the water's-edge. At its termination the steam is about 10 or 15 feet high, and its breadth seems less than farther up. It looks like a black perpendicular wall drawn across the entrance and facing the sea.
The lava consists of a black basalt mass (matrix) throughout which are disseminated innumerable semi-transparent little crystals of a variety of common felspar (orthoclase), and also many bright green granules of olivine. the lower part of its thickness is homogeneous,
