pointed Niemcewicz Secretary to the Senate, Member of the Supreme Council of Public Education, and Inspector of Schools. After the unfortunate campaign of 1811, he followed the members of the Polish Government to Germany, where they took refuge, and underwent upon that occasion his third exile.
After the re-establishment of the kingdom of Poland, by the Congress of Vienna, the Emperor Alexander confirmed him in his offices of Secretary to the Senate, and Member of the Council of Public Education; but in 1821, when the Russo-Polish government adopted a retrograde system, he was deprived of the latter office. The dismissal of Niemcewicz was a necessary part of the measures since adopted by the government, for suppressing, as much as possible, the germ of nationality and liberty in Poland.
Niemcewicz had already been for a long time justly odious to Russia, as much for the numerous services which he had rendered to his country, as for his popularity, and the
