2. The vowel a is implicit after all consonants and consonant clusters and is supplied in transliteration, with the following exceptions:
- a) when another vowel is indicated by its appropriate sign; and
- b) when the absence of any vowel is indicated by the superscript sign (◌್).
3. Exception: Anusvāra is transliterated by:
- a) ṅ before gutturals,
- b) ñ before palatals,
- c) ṇ before cerebrals,
- d) n before dentals, and
- e) m before labials.
