tary estimates) to more than 1,300,000,000 marks, say one billion and a third.[1] The costs to the other military states are relatively not smaller,[2] and the military expenditure of even richer countries, such as the United States, Great Britain (which, in 1904–05, had an army and navy budget of 1,321,000,000), Belgium and Switzerland, is so extraordinary that it occupies a dominating position in the budgets of those countries. Everywhere the tendency is in the direction of a boundless increase, close to the limits of the ability to pay.
The following interesting compilation is found in the Nouveau Manuel du soldat:
"In 1899 Europe had a military budget of
7,184,321,093 francs.
It employed in a military capacity
4,169,321 men,
who, if they were to work, could produce, at the
