in federal court for actions taken within the scope of his authority, sovereign immunity bars the lawsuit regardless of whether the action seeks monetary or injunctive relief.”). Unquestionably, Plaintiffs’ state law claims against Defendants are barred by Eleventh Amendment immunity.
The Court then turns its attention to Plaintiffs’ § 1983 claims against Defendants. Defendants and Intervenor DNC/MDP contend that these claims are not in fact federal claims as they are premised entirely on alleged violations of state law. (ECF No. 31 at Pg ID 2185 (“Here, each count of Plaintiffs’ complaint—even Counts I, II, and III, which claim to raise violations of federal law—is predicated on the election being conducted contrary to Michigan law.”); ECF No. 36 at Pg ID 2494 (“While some of [Plaintiffs’] allegations concern fantastical conspiracy theories that belong more appropriately in the fact-free outer reaches of the Internet[,] … what Plaintiffs assert at bottom are violations of the Michigan Election Code.”) Defendants also argue that even if properly stated as federal causes of action, “it is far from clear whether Plaintiffs’ requested injunction is actually prospective in nature, as opposed to retroactive.” (ECF No. 31 at Pg ID 2186.)
The latter argument convinces this Court that Ex parte Young does not apply. As set forth earlier, “‘[i]n order to fall with the Ex parte Young exception, a claim must seek prospective relief to end a continuing violation of federal law.’”
11
