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of the 9th century), whose fragments—a description of some Shinto rites performed at the Ise Shrine—are still extant in the books entitled Jingu Zatsureishu and Koji Satabumi. Vide[errata 1] the Gunsho Ruiju, Japanese edition, Vol. IV, and the Zoku Gunsho Ruiju, Japanese edition, Vol. IV) is the surest evidence of the activity of counter-currents of the conservative nationalism to which Imbe-no-Hironari belonged. Hence his book Kogoshui was written in antagonism to and conflict with the “new tendency to ostentation and frivolity versus the ancient simplicity,” as stated in his preface.