the beginning of the functional process, and by a necessary effect of that very process, a liberation of chemical energy; and that can only take place by a decomposition of the immediate principles of the tissue, or, as we may say, by a destruction of organic material. Claude Bernard insisted on this consideration, that the vital function is accompanied by a destruction of organic material. "When a movement is produced, when a muscle is contracted, when volition and sensibility are manifested, when thought is exercised, when a gland secretes, then the substance of the muscles, of the nerves, of the brain, of the glandular tissue, is disorganized, is destroyed, and is consumed." Energetics enables us to grasp the deeply-seated reason of this coincidence between chemical destruction and the functional activity, the existence of which Claude Bernard intuitively suspected. A portion of organic material is decomposed, is chemically simplified, becomes less complex, and loses in this kind of descent the chemical energy which it contained in its potential state. It is this energy which becomes the very texture of the vital phenomenon.
It is clear that the reserve of energy thus expended must be replaced, because the organism remains in equilibrium. Alimentation provides for this.
How does it provide for it? This is a question which deserves detailed examination. We cannot incidentally treat it in full; we can only indicate its main features.
How the supply of Reserve Stuff is kept up.—We know that food does not directly replace the reserve of energy consumed by the functional activity. It is not its potential chemical energy which replaces,
