of royal disfavour dropped swiftly upon Carvalho, Marquis de Pombal. The King died, and the Queen, D. Maria I, ordered the Minister's portrait to be removed from the front of the pedestal. The void remained until the reign of D. Pedro IV, who recognized that the medallion was as much the complement of the statue as the statesman had been of the reign of D. José. There are tardy subscriptions being raised to-day to erect a monument worthy of the great man's memory.
According to Pombal's scheme for the commercial area of the new town, every trade or craft was to be restricted to a separate street. The names survive popularly to remind one where once hung out the signs of the gold and silversmiths, the linen drapers, the gilders, the silk mercers and shoemakers. Such fine-sounding names as Rua da Princeza, Bella da Rainha and Rua Augusta have in several cases ousted the older significant names.
The Triumphal Arch was planned as an additional beauty to the square in 1775 on a more important scale than it was finally finished in about forty years ago. The group ornamenting the arch represents Glory crowning Virtue and Valour. The statues below and at the sides are of Viriato, Nuno Alvares Pereira, Vasco da Gama, and the Marquis of Pombal.
Straight as a line the streets run back from the Praça to the heart of the city. Through the streets which cut across them at an equal regularity are seen at both ends bright vistas of sunlit houses in terraces and blocks piled up at every conceivable angle on the steep hill sides and cliffs. The pavements are pleasant to walk upon and pretty to look at, composed as they are of a mosaic of black and grey stones carefully laid down. The value of time in Portugal can be measured by watching the repairing process of a piece of side walk. The workman—and per-
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