CON and manjf errors, to remedy that, I. Francis Celelles, from charity merely and with a great deal of labor, after having compared and con- sulted with persons of skill and experience, ship owners as well as merchants, mariners, and others — after having examined many manu- scripts, have exerted myself to correct the present book as far as has been possible for me." There is an earlier edition than this without date. Translated into Spanish, 4to., Valencia, 1539, by F. Diaz de Roman. Into Italian, Venetia, 1519, by Pedrezano — an inaccurate translation several times reprinted. Into French, Marseille, 1577, by Mayssoni, who omitted two chapters of the original, in many in- stances misapprehended the meaning, and did not attempt to translate the technical phrases. Into Dutch, Leyden, 1701, hy Westerveen. Into Spanish, fol., Barcelona, 1732, by Cayetan de Palleja — a defective trans- lation. Into Italian, by Casaregis, 1737, and 4to., Bassano, 1788. Into German, 1790, by Engelbrecht — whose translation is inaccurate. Into Spanish, by Capmany, in his Codigo de las Custumbrcs, etc. A number of commercial regulations, of various kinds and from different sources, had from time to time been attached and printed with the Consolato, which are separated in Capmany's edition. The editor also re-arranged the original work under XIV. new Titles, giving rubrics of his own, which renders it more methodical but not, strictly speaking, a re-produc- tion of the Consolato. Accompanying this arrangement is a new and the best existing Spanish translation, with a great variety of historical notes. Into French, 2 tom., 8vo., Paris, 1808, by Bouc*lier. This trans- lation is preceded by a volume of " very learned but crudely compiled illustrations." The faults of the translation are printed out in 2 Pardes. lois Marit. 42. The best edition of the Consolato, as well as French translation, is that of Pardessus, in his Collection de lois Maritimcs. It is a reprint of the edition of 1494, compared with an ancient manuscript copy in the Royal Library, at Paris. The editor has given the various readings of the most esteemed Commentaries, to which he has added many notes and references of his own. There is no entire English trans- lation of the Consolato. Dr. Robinson has given, in an English dress, two chapters on Prize, and several others will be found in Hall's Law Journal. The authors of this famous collection of maritime and commercial law are unknown, and the place and precise time of its compilation have equally escaped the research of antiquarians. The French, the Italian, and the Spanish, have all contended for the honor of originating these laws. The latest writer upon the subject, Pardessus, with whom Red- die and Wheaton coincide, ascribe its origin to Barcelona, at the close of the fourteenth century. It is written in the Catalan, a dialect of the Romance language or corrupted Latin, that incipient language of the Spanish, French, and Italian. This venerable pile of maritime law did not at first receive any legislative sanction to render it effective, buf by 222
