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The other two are these below. gr. m. gr. m. Buschius. Polar Altitude 51 10 Altit. of the Star 79 20 Gemma. 50 50 79 45 Reinholdus. Polar Altitude 51 18 Altit. of the Star 79 30 Gemma. 50 50 79 45
From what I have hitherto demonstrated, you may guesse how much this first way of finding out the distance of the Star, and proving it sublunary introduced by the Authour, maketh against himself, and how much more probably and clearly the distance thereof is collected to have been amongst the more remote fixed Stars.
Simpl.As to this particular, I think that the inefficacy of the Authors demonstrations is very plainly discovered; But I see that all this was comprised in but a few leaves of his Book, and it may be, that some other of his Arguments are more conclusive then these first.
Salv.Rather they must needs be lesse valid, if we will take those that lead the way for a proof of the rest: For (as it is clear) the uncertainty and inconclusivenesse of those, is manifestly observed to derive it self from the errours committed in the instrumental observations, upon which the Polar Altitude, and height of the Star was thought to have been justly taken, all in effect having easily erred; And yet to find the Altitude of the Pole, Astronomers have had Ages of time to apply themselves to it, at their leasure: and the Meridian Altitudes of the Star are easier to be observed, as being most terminate, and yielding the Observator some time to continue the same, in regard they change not sensibly, in a short time, as those do that are remote from the Meridian. And if this be so, as it is most certain, what credit shall we give to Calculations founded upon Observations more numerous, more difficult to be wrought, more momentary in variation, and we may add, with Instruments more incommodious and erroneous? Upon a slight perusal of the ensuing demonstrations, I see that the Computations are made upon Altitudes of the Star taken in different Vertical Circles, which are called by the Arabick name, Azimuths; in which observations moveable instruments are made use of, not only in the Vertical Circles, but in the Horizon also, at the same time; insomuch that it is requisite in the same moment that the altitude is taken, to have observed, in the Horizon, the distance of the Vir-tical
