posite blank, if the sight were made in one onely point; but if we should find, that the edges of the white cartel appear discovered, it shall be a necessary argument that the visual rayes do not issue from one sole point. And to make the white label to be hid by the black, it will be requisite to draw neerer with the eye: Therefore, having approached so neer, that the intermediate label covereth the other, and noted how much the required approximation was, the quantity of that approach shall be the certain measure, how much the true concourse of the visive rayes, is remote from the eye in the said operation, and we shall moreover have the diameter of the pupil, or of that circlet from whence the visive rayes proceed: for it shall be to the breadth of the black paper, as is the distance from the concourse of the lines, that are produced by the edges of the papers to the place where the eye standeth, when it first seeth the remote paper to be hid by the intermediate one, as that distance is, I say, to the distance that is between those two papers. And therefore when we would, with exactnesse, measure the apparent diameter of a Star, having made the observation in manner, as aforesaid, it would be necessary to compare the diameter of the rope to the diameter of the pupil; and having found v. g. the diameter of the rope to be quadruple to that of the pupil, and the distance of the eye from the rope to be, for example, thirty yards, we would say, that the true concourse of the lines produced from the ends or extremities of the diameter of the star, by the extremities of the diameter of the rope, doth fall out to be fourty yards remote from the said rope, for so we shall have observed, as we ought, the proportion between the distance of the rope from the concourse of the said lines, and the distance from the said concourse to the place of the eye, which ought to be the same that is between the diameter of the rope, and diameter of the pupil.
Sagr.I have perfectly understood the whole businesse, and therefore let us hear what Simplicius hath to alledge in defence of the Anti-Copernicans.
Simpl.Albeit that grand and altogether incredible inconvenience insisted upon by these adversaries of Copernicus be much moderated and abated by the discourse of Salviatus, yet do I not think it weakened so, as that it hath not strength enough left to foil this same opinion. For, if I have rightly apprehended the chief and ultimate conclusion, in case, the stars of the sixth magnitude were supposed to be as big as the Sun, (which yet I can hardly think) yet it would still be true, that the grand Orb [or Ecliptick] would occasion a mutation and variation in the starry Sphere, like to that which the semidiameter of the Earth produceth in the Sun, which yet is observable; so that neither that, nonot
