up its direction. On Mr. Irving taking the management of the Lyceum Theatre, he was enabled to secure the services of Miss Ellen Terry, who made her first appearance at that theatre on Dec. 30, 1878, playing "Ophelia" to the "Hamlet" of Mr. Irving. "Hamlet" was followed by "The Lady of Lyons," in which she played "Pauline." She afterwards took in succession the parts of "Portia" in the "Merchant of Venice;" "Ruth Meadows" in "Eugene Aram;" "Queen Henrietta Maria" in "Charles I.;" "Camina" in Tennyson's play "The Cup;" "Desdemona" to the "Othello" and "Iago" of Mr. Irving and Mr. Edwin Booth played alternately; and "Juliet" to the "Romeo" of Mr. Irving. On Oct. 11, 1882, "Much Ado about Nothing" was presented, in which piece Miss Terry played "Beatrice" to the "Benedick" of Mr. Irving. In Oct., 1883, Miss Terry went with Mr. Irving and the other members of the Lyceum company on a tour to the United States.
TEWFIK PASHA (Mohammed Tewfik), Khedive of Egypt, was born Nov. 10, 1852, being the eldest son of the late Khedive Ismail. He succeeded to the Vice-royalty of Egypt by a decree of the Ottoman Empire, Aug. 8, 1879, upon the forced abdication of his father, and received the investiture on Aug. 14. He is the sixth ruler of Egypt in the dynasty of Mohammed Ali Pasha, who was appointed Vali or Governor in 1806, and who in 1841 got the Sultan, with the five Great Powers of Europe, to settle the hereditary principality in his own family. Ali had rebelled against the Sultan, encouraged by the French Government of that day, and had made himself absolute master of the country. He was succeeded in 1848 by his son, Ibrahim Pasha, who lived but two months after his elevation. The next ruler. Abbas Pasha, a son of Mohammed All's second son, reigned six years. In 1864 he was strangled by order of the Sultan, as a punishment for attempted treason. Said Pasha, a third son of Mohammed Ali Pasha succeeded on the death of Abbas; but Said also died in 1863, whereupon his nephew, Ismail Pasha, second son of Ibrahim, born in Jan., 1829, became ruler in his turn. The title of Khedive was conferred upon him instead of that of Vali by an Imperial firman in 1866. At the same time the law of succession was altered from that which had been established in 1841. Instead of succession devolving, as heretofore, according to the usual principles of Mohammedan law, upon the senior male descendant of the founder of the dynasty, it was to go to Ismail's eldest son, and thenceforth in the same order of primogeniture, excluding the other branches of Mohammed Ali's family. This favour was granted to the late Khedive in 1866 by Sultan Abdul Aziz, in consideration of a large money payment, but in violation of the ancient and sacred law, and of the Convention with the Foreign Powers. The consequence of that arrangement of 1866 was the accession of Tewfik in 1879, instead of Halim, the fourth son of Mohammed Ali. Prince Tewfik was President of the Council at the time of the coup d'état of his father, but resigned the post immediately afterwards. The principal events of his reign have been narrated in our notice of Arabi (q.v.). Tewfik married in Jan., 1873, the Princess Emineh, daughter of the late El Hamy Pasha, and has two sons and two daughters.
THEED, William, an eminent sculptor, was born at Trentham, Staffordshire, in 1804, and received his education at Ealing. His principal works are a marble group of the Queen and Prince Consort, life size, at Windsor Castle; a colossal bronze statue of the Prince Consort at Coburg, and a replica for Sydney, New South Wales; a third colossal
