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Murphy, and Mr. Moffat, but two of them died, and the third was afterwards left behind. After dis- covering that Dr. Livingstone's death Imd destroyed the original object of his journey. Lieutenant Cameron determined to cross, if, possible, the African continent. In performing this feat he traversed a distance of nearly 3000 miles on foot between the east and the west ocean shores ; but the most impor- tant part of his joumeyings lay in the central interior west of the chain of lakes and rivers discovered by Dr. Livingstone, which Lieu- tenant Cameron found to be con- nected with the great river Congo issuing to the Atlantic between Lo- ango and Angola. Since his return to England he has served in several of Her Majesty's vessels. In Sept., 1878, he started on a tour through Asia Minor dnd Persia to Indm, with the object of demonstrating the feasibility of constructing a railroad from the Mediterranean to India without following the course of the Euphrates. In 1880 he pub- lished a work in two volumes on the Euphrates Valley, entitled " Our Future Highway." In 1882 he and Captain R. F. Burton undertook a journey of exploration in the country lying at the back of the Gold Coast Colony, and the Council of the Geographical Society ac- corded them a loan of instruments to Enable them to make scientific observations. The two travellers amassed large and valuable collec- tions in all branches of natural history, and Commander Cameron also made extensive surveys. Some particulars of his former services deserve notice. While in the Terrible he jumped overboard after a man. He obtained a first-class in all subjects in passing for Lieu- tenant ; and he passed for French Interpreter in 1805. He was senior Lieutenant of H.M.S. Star during the Abyssinian campaign, for which he received a medal ; and he was employed in lighting, buoying.
and surveying channels to Ansley Bay ; afterwards in the Star on the East Coast of Africa, he was engaged in the suppression of the slave trade, being personally engaged in the capture of twenty dhows. He was created a C.B. (civil division), and an hon. D.C.L. of Oxford, after Ms return from Africa. He has received the Pounder's Medal of the Boyal Geographical Society, the Grande Medaille d'Or of the French Geographical Society, the Gold Medal of the Portuguese Geo- graphical Society, a Gold Medal from the King of Italy for his dis- coveries in Africa ; and he is Officier d'Instruction (France), an Officer of the Crown of Italy, and a Fellow of several foreign Geo- graphical Societies. Commander ' Cameron is the author of " An i Essay on Steam Tactics," 1865, and " Across Africa," 1876.
CAMPBELL, The Hon. Sir Alexander, K.C.M.G., Minister of Justice in the Canadian Govern- ment, was born in 1822 at Hedon, near Eingston-upon-Hull. Though bom in England he is of Scoteh descent, and was educated and has always resided in Canada. He was called to the bar of Upper Canada in 1843, created a Queen's Counsel in 1856, and in the following year made a Bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada. From 1858 until Confederation he represented Cata- raqui Division in the Legislative Council of Canada, and served for a time as Commissioner of Crown Lfuids. He took an active part in the Quebec Conference which resulted in Confederation, and became a member of the Cana- dian Privy Council at the time of the union of the British American Provinces, and 'entered the Macdonald Government in 1867, first as Postmaster-General and afterwards as Minister of the Interior. In 1878, on the forma- tion of the Liberal-Conservative Administration, Sir Alexander resumed the Postmaster-^^eneral-
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