136 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. Emphasises the frequency of sensory illusion in the sphere of taste.] Literaturbericht. Bd. xxxviii., Heft 5 and 6. Literaturbericht. I. M. Bentley. ' Entgegnung.' L. Hirschlaff, mit Unterstutzung von H. C. 'Warren. ' Bibliographic der psychophvsiologischen Literatur des Jahres, 1903.' [2,575 titles.] ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE PSYCHOLOGIE. Bd. v., Heft 3 and 4. E. Landmann-Kalischer. ' Ueber den Erkenntniswert aesthetischer Ur- teile : ein Vergleich zwischen Sinnes- und Werturteilen.' [The author maintains that aesthetic valuation is mediated by an ' organ ' which in function and operation resembles the organs of sense ; that the aesthetic judgment is, as regards objective validity, on a par with the sensory judgment ; and that beauty is as much a property of ' things ' as their sensible quality is. Part i. (feeling and value ; feeling and cognition) discusses the ' subjectivity ' of feeling, and asserts that, as there are objectively and subjectively conditioned sensations, so are there the two types of feelings. As a number of perceptions is presupposed for the ' form quality,' which is none the less immediate, and passes for percep- tion, so do the form-qualities constitute the basis for a new perception, that of beauty. Part ii. treats of the subjective and objective reliability (in Stumpfs sense) of judgments of value : the parallel with the secondary qualities is ingeniously worked through, and illustrated by reference to illusions of value, psychological, physiological and physical. A chapter is devoted to the criteria of the correctness of sensory judgments and judgments of value, where the parallel still holds ; and another to the qualities of aesthetic feeling (beauty and ugliness are, tentatively, put down as the sole ultimate qualities). The author concludes with the remark that, as in the eighteenth century the subjectivity of sensation was proved by proof of its indiscriminability from feeling, so now the objectivity of the properties of ' things ' apprehended by feeling must be proved by setting them in the same class with sensible qualities.] I. A. Gheorgov. ' Die ersten Anfange des sprachlichen Ausdrucks fur das Selbstbewusstsein bei Kindern.' [Detailed study of the language of two boys. The author stresses the importance of temperament. He main- tains (against Meumann and others) that the possessive pronoun appears later than the personal.] R. Vogt. ' Die psychophysiologische Erklii- rung der Sehnentransplantation.' [Establishes the law, by reference to Ebbinghaus's 'backward' associations and Miiller's memory work with anapaests, that the act of cortical learning in this case follows the type of the process of learning at large.] Referate. W. Wirth. ' Fort^chritte auf dem Gebiete der Psychophysik der Licht- und Farbenempfindung. ii.' A. Netschajeff. ' Die Psychologic in Russland, 1904.' Einzelbe- sprechungen. Bd. vi. Heft 1 and 2. T. Lipps. ' Die Wege der Psychologic.' [Up to a certain point, all psychologists must follow the same road : that of descriptive psychology. This is an ego-psychology, not an atomism ; it recognises the difference of contents and objects ; it clears up the term ' activity,' etc. Beyond it, one may take the path of pure psychology, seeking and finding the "Ich an sich " ; or that of causally explanatory psychology ; or that of psychophysiology (which presupposes descriptive and explanatory psychology). Finally, in a metaphysics of mind, explanatory returns to pure psychology.] A. Meinong. ' Ueber Ueteilsgefuhle : was sie sind und was sie nicht sind.' [Reply to Lipps. The judgments which serve as the psychological presuppositions of the emotions of joy and sorrow ; the objective, as distinguished from the object, of judgment ; feelings of knowledge and feelings of value ; pre- determination of objects ; the interpretation of feelings of judgment as
