68 HENRY RUTGERS MARSHALL : above spoken of as the primary and secondary reactions of the nervous system which are coincident with these primary and secondary presentations. In the case of the primary presentations we have in emphasis the activities of the parts of the nervous system directly connected with the terminal organs. In the case of the secondary presentations we have in emphasis the activities of parts of the nervous system only very indirectly connected with the terminal organs. But it is highly improbable that, when we have in emphasis the activities of the parts of the nervous system directly con- nected with the terminal organs, then there is an entire lack of special activity in the parts of the nervous system which are only indirectly, but which are nevertheless to some extent, connected with these terminal organs. Much more probable is it that coincident with the emphatic activities in the parts very directly related to the terminal organs there is also special activity, though less emphatic, in the parts indirectly connected with these terminal organs. So that if the action of the parts of the nervous system in successive moments is a y represented by R, R, R, etc., it is probable that we have, in moment 1 when our eyes are open, not merely the emphatic f o _ -| activities R 1 ~ 2 - 3 4 5 , but really J F H which, when the I r l ~ 2 _ 34 5 I eyes are closed, develops only by the emphasis of activities in the parts indirectly connected with the terminal organs, o _ so that in moment 2 we have r 1 ~ 3 4 due to such action, and freed from all influence determined by the stimulation of the parts directly connected with the terminal organs, which is cut off by the closing of the eyes. All this may be symbolised again by the use of figures 1 and 2 already used in section 6 above. Here we may suppose that the primary presentation, or impression, is given in correspondence with the emphases in the minor systems represented by the darkened circles in figure 1. If the direct action from the environment is elim- inated then we cut off the emphasis O, but the rest remains in the secondary presentation. And if at any future time we obtain the emphases indicated in figure 2 by the darkened circles in the groups other than a, we will have a secondary presentation which may not be in any direct way initiated by an impression upon us. Sec. 10. In speaking, as I have above, of the primary presentations being always " accompanied " by secondary
