VIL NEW BOOKS. [These Notes do not exclude- Critical Notices later mi.] M- ntal Evolution in Animals. By GEORGE JOHX ROMANES, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Zoological Secretary of the Linnean Society. With a Posthu- mous "Essay on Instinct " by CHARLES DARWIN. London: Kegan Paul, Trench. Pp. 411. The author in the present treatise (just come to hand) publishes only part of the work on Mental Evolution which he promised in Animal Intelligence (1882). As he found it necessary, from considerations of space, to publish separately his compendium of facts relating to animal intelli- gence before discussing the general question of mental evolution, so, for a like reason, he now puts off to another work the special question of mental evolution in man, which, the more he handles it, he finds growing upon him (as may well be believed) " in depth, width and complexity . In the present simpler division of his whole subject, he allots an exceptionally large space to the treatment of Instinct (pp. 159-352), "looking to the con- fusion which prevails with reference to this important branch of psycho- logy in the writings of our leading authorities ". In this part of the work are incorporated a considerable number of extracts from unpublished MSS. of Darwin ; and the Appendix (pp. 355-84) gives " the full text of a part of Mr. Darwin's chapter on Instinct written for the Origin of Species but after- wards suppressed for the sake of condensation ". The MSS. were given to the author by Darwin with the request that he should publish any parts of them that he chose in his works on Mental Evolution. The consecutive portion, after being read to the Linnean Society, is now published in its present form with the consent of Darwin's family. Grammar and Logic in the Nineteenth Century as seen in a Syntactical Analysis of tlie English Language. By J. W. F. ROGERS, Inspector of Schools, Sydney. London : Triibner, 1883. Pp. xvi., 211. This work consists of three parts : " Word-classing " ; " Syntactical Analysis of the English Language" ; " Structure of Propositions ". Though in the first part, which ends in a commonplace classification of the Parts of Speech on the principle of "usage," the author has to remark un- favourably on more than one logician of repute, it is in the third part that the short-comings of the tribe are judged. Having made in his ud part a more careful analysis of the various kinds of sentences than is current among grammarians, he is led on to maintain that it is an error of the logicians to make any distinction of the so-called copula from the predicate. This he does by way of a critical review of a series of state- ments culled from the writings of " Dr. Morell, Dr. Crombie and Rev. J. Earle, Dr. Sullivan, Archbishop Whately and Cardinal Newman, Mr. J. S. Mill and Mr. Grote, Dr. Latham and' Mr. Hobbes, AY. S[palding], Mr. Mason, Dean Mansel, Prof. De Morgan, Sir W. Hamilton and Herr Krug, the Rev. J. Balmes, Dr. Brownson, Aristotle, Aquinas". The list is re- markable alike in its inclusions and its omissions ; the reason of the order and the grouping of the names must be sought in the treatise itself. Some of the author's criticisms are acute enough and it is not difficult for him to find inconsistencies both in the individual writers and in the collection of them ; but he fails altogether to see the purpose that determines the tradi-
