AND BUXBAUMIA. 345
Anictangium aquaticum is evidently related to Cincli- dotus or Tric/iostomum.
Gymnostomum julaceum and Hedwigia secunda of Hooker resemble certain species of Pterygynandrum, Neckera and Leskea.
An unpublished moss {Glyphocarpa capensis) with a naked peristomium, which I observed on the Table Moun- tain of the Cape of Good Hope has the spherical [576 striated capsule as well as the inflorescence and ramification of Bartramia: and with this genus also Anictangium Humboldtii agrees in its capsule, though its habit is that of Leskea or Hypnum.
Brepanophyllum of Richard (Dicranum ? falcifolium of Hooker.) in form and disposition of leaves is related to Fissidens and Neck era.
Calymperes approaches to Orthofrichum, or rather, per- haps, to Schlotheimia or Macromitrium.
Lyettia, which belongs to the same division of the arti- ficial system, is evidently allied to Dawsonia and Poly- trichum.
And lastly, Leptostomum, the genus more particularly under consideration, appears to me most nearly related to Bryum ; with which indeed its affinity would be completely established, were Hedwig's account of the peristomium of Bryum macrocarpum proved to be correct.
To the observations now made on the various affinities of mosses which agree in having a naked peristomium, it may be added, that the genera with a simple peristomium do not form a strictly natural series, several of them being much more nearly related to those in which the peristo- mium is double than to each other.
But if the correctness of these statements be admitted, it follows that, in many cases to obtain natural genera in this order either additional sources of distinction must be
the deviation from the usual structure as consequently consisting- in the greater compression of the leaf, and in the addition of a dorsal and terminal wing. In support of this view it may be observed, that in the lower leaves of the stem both the additional wings are greatly reduced in size, and in some cases entirely wanting, as they universally are in the perigonial leaves, which have likewise the more ordinary form, being moderately concave and not even navicular.
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