of the Minister of the Interior. This is one of the worst features of the Russian judicial system, which is still in great need of reform. In effect it means that the Minister of the Interior can under martial law, which is still in force throughout the empire, cause anyone to be arrested and transported to any place, where, it is considered, he may have a less injurious influence on those around him. This, of course, is a great infringement of the elementary rights of citizenship, and so far the reforms in Russia have failed to abolish it. It is generally applied to persons suspected of having taken part in revolutionary movements, and against whom there is not sufficient evidence to allow of an indictment being drawn up and presented before the judges. These two classes of political exiles are further divided into exiles "with rights" and exiles "without rights." The former has practically the same economic rights as the free citizen; thus he can possess land in Siberia, settle on it and derive his profits out of it, and he can also work for wages or engage in trade. This class of exile can have little to complain about. Those, however, who are exiled without rights are in a very different position. They are restricted to a certain number of small trades, and their annual turnover is limited. They are allowed, however, to earn the current wages for their labour, and are employed generally on wharfs, railways and steamships, or, if they are in the remoter districts, on the post roads. A certain number of political exiles belong to this category, and indeed in Western and Central Siberia they amount to very nearly one-third the total number. An able-bodied exile of this class, however, can always earn a good living in some of the towns along the
