more and more into conflict with one another in Mongolia, and figures will show that the influence of the Chinese markets has been making itself felt at the expense of the Siberian markets, more particularly in regard to cheap manufactured goods sold in Mongolia. Thus, while the imports of raw material into Siberia along the north-western trade route via Koshagatch have increased from 552,263 roubles in 1900 to 4,021,906 roubles in 1910, the exports of Russian manufactures into Mongolia along the same route have increased from 373,408 roubles in 1900 to only 775,962 roubles in 1910. The north-eastern trade route also via Khiakta shows signs of decline over the same period both for Russian imports and exports. According to Professor Soboleff, between 1901 and 1906 Russia's manufactured exports from Siberia to Mongolia increased by twenty-two per cent. only, while Mongolian raw material imports into Siberia over the same period increased by 566 per cent.
Everywhere it is apparent that there has been greater activity among the Chinese traders in Mongolia since 1900. Chinese firms from Koho-Hotu and Kalgan have now got branches in every important trading station in Mongolia, and by their political influence with the Mongol khans, and their better organization, have succeeded in underselling and partially ousting Russian manufactures from the Mongolian markets. In former days Russian economic influences predominated in Mongolia. There was then little or no demand for Mongolian raw material in Siberia, and consequently, the exports from Russia to Mongolia being in excess of the imports from Mongolia to Russia, a silver balance
