thermometer must be placed in the motor-house, for observing the temperature. In the one described it will be noticed that the mercury will not fall, in the coldest winter, below fifty degrees Fahr. or rise, in the hottest summer, above seventy degrees Fahr.
It is of vital importance that frost should be kept away from the motor-car, in order that the circulating water shall not freeze, and possibly burst some part of the apparatus. To empty the water daily in winter-time is a vexatious proceeding, because when it is replaced there is often the difficulty of restoring the circulation owing to air becoming lodged in the pipes or elsewhere. Quite apart from this consideration it is desirable to keep the same water as long as possible in the circulation apparatus, thus to reduce deposit in the tubes and not disturb any rust that may exist. If the water is removed daily, various pipes and other portions made of iron, 'thin out,' on account of affecting so frequently the thin layer of rust which forms. When the apparatus is in use the circulation is not sufficiently violent to detach the oxide, and the thin coat preserves the iron below, being insoluble in water.
Thus it will be seen that the small expenditure on a hot-water system and the cost of running it is money saved in the end, and many a breakdown owing to bad circulation will be avoided. It may be desirable for the benefit of those who do not know where such small heating apparatus may be obtained, to give the names of two or three firms who supply the requirements, viz., Messrs. Keith of Farringdon Avenue, E.C., Messrs. Crompton and Fawkes of Chelmsford, and Messrs. Fletcher of Warrington.
It is very difficult to draw a line between stable management and motor management. Probably apart from the cleaning of the car; oiling the bearings and grinding the valves come within the province of the stable attendant. The oiling arrangements are so straightforward that there is little need to give special instructions under this head. It is, how-
