Page:NIOSH Hazard review of Carbonless Copy Paper.pdf/36

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Table 3–1 (Continued). Exposures from CCP handling

Reference and country		Occupation or exposure scenario		Sample type		Airborne concentration
Hazelton Laboratories [1985], United States		Experimental laboratory conditions		Formaldehyde		0.033 ppm for separating 30 4-ply forms/hr for 8 hr
Olsen and Mørck [1985], Denmark	Office workers	Total dust	0.11–0.21 mg/m3
		Kerosene	1.9 mg/m3
		Hydrogenated terphenyls	ND
Apol and Thoburn [1986], United States	CCP production	HMDI	<0.7–14.0 μg/m3
		DETA	<0.01–<0.35 ppm
		Phenol	<0.02–0.15 ppm
		Formaldehyde	ND[1]
		Biphenyl	0.003–<0.02 ppm
		Butyl biphenyl	0.12–0.29 ppm
		Petroleum solvents	0.7–12 mg/m3
		Total particulate	2.70 mg/m3
Chovil et al. [1986], United States	University office	Formaldehyde	0.015–0.022 ppm
Burton and Malkin [1993], United States	Printing shop	Isopropanol	53–132 ppm
		Isobutanol	0.15–0.91 ppm
		1,1,1-trichloroethane	0.11–0.23 ppm
		Toluene	1.09–5.03 ppm
		Beryllium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc	0.02–1.05 μg/m3
Omland et al. [1993], Denmark	Office workers	Formaldeyde	0.1–0.62 mg/m3
		Total dust	0.28–0.34 mg/m3
Zimmer and Hadwen [1993], United States	Federal records storage center	Acetic acid	<25 mg/m3 (REL)
		Cyclohexene	<1,050 mg/m3 (REL)
		Formaldehyde	0.023–0.034 mg/m3
Thompson [1996], United States	Office workers	Decane	1.0–1.1 ppb
		Undecane	0.3 ppb
		Dodecane	0.6 ppb
		meta-, para-Xylene	0.6–1.2 ppb
		ortho-Xylene	0.2–0.4 ppb
		Toluene	0.5–1.3 ppb
		Ethyl benzene	0.3–0.5 ppb

1. Limits of detection varied from 0.04 to 0.08 ppm.