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Table 3–9. Effect of ventilation on formaldehyde concentrations in test chambers containing CCP

	Average formaldehyde concentration in test chamber (ppm)
Exposure time (min)	CB–15 blue	CB–15 black	SC–17 black	SC–14 black
0–10	0.050	0.080	0.166	0.065
5–15	0.049	0.089	0.216	0.072
10–20	0.071	0.099	0.214	0.072
15–25	0.060	0.089	0.219	0.074
20–30	0.055	0.093	0.227	0.068
25–35	0.039	0.064	0.173	0.023
30–40	0.028	0.042	0.113	0.010
40–50	0.007	0.032	0.053	0.001
50–60	0.0	0.010	0.059	0.004

Adapted from Hazelton Laboratories [1985].

Table 3–10. Summary of formaldehyde concentrations reported in CCP studies^[1]

Reference	Concentration (ppm)[2]
Gockel et al. [1981]	<0.51
Norbäck [1983b]	0.08–0.24
Hazelton Laboratories [1985]	0.033[3]
Apol and Thoburn [1986]	ND[4]
Chovil et al. [1986]	0.015–0.022
Omland et al. [1993]	0.08–0.5
Zimmer and Hadwen [1993]	0.019–0.028

1. The NIOSH REL is 0.016 ppm as an 8-hr TWA with a 15-min ceiling limit of 0.1 ppm. The OSHA permissible exposure limit is 0.75 ppm as an 8-hr TWA with a short-term exposure limit of 2 ppm.
2. 1 ppm=1.23 mg/m³.
3. For marking and separating 30 four-ply forms/hr for 8 hr (range 0.009–0.693).
4. Limits of detection varied from 0.04 to 0.08 ppm.