attends to his wants. Two holes are made, each about a foot or fifteen inches deep, and into these holes the feet of the youth are inserted and the holes filled up. This is done to keep him steady and prevent him struggling. The Waingapui stands behind the youth, and a man who is accustomed to the office advances with a mallet and a small wooden wedge, which is driven between the teeth for the purpose of loosening them. The tooth is then knocked out and kept by the Waingapui.
During this operation one of the tribe, who is concealed in the scrub at some distance, whirls the humming instrument round his head. This instrument is supposed to have a wonderful magic influence, and is called Kalar. After the Burbung it is usually given to some unmarried man, who either carries it about with him, or conceals it in some safe place.
After the knocking out of the tooth is complete, the boys are brought to the camp, and are shown to the women. They are then taken by the Waingapuis into the bush, where they remain secluded from women for two or three months. During this time the Waingapuis live with them; and their return to the camp is gradual. Thus the young men will return to the camp first at night, and each time of returning will prolong their stay. At the initiation the names by which they are known are changed.
Everything connected with the Burbung is considered as sacred, and there is no doubt that any woman found prying into its mysteries would be severely punished, probably killed. It is said that should a Waingapui ever touch a woman in any way while the Burbung is going on she would become seriously ill.
Initiation confers many privileges on the youths, for they are allowed in due course to eat articles of food which were previously forbidden to them. They also leave the camp of their parents, and join that of the young men, and after a time are permitted to take a wife.
I have now spoken of the tribes which have ceremonies either quite the same as those of the Yuin Kuringal, or in principle the same, extending over a large part of South-
