Page:Niger Delta Ecosystems- the ERA Handbook, 1998.djvu/263

Index

1. Ogoni, topography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   200

2. Oil ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   151

3. Oil - environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   166, 168

4. Oil Blowouts ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   177

5. Oil companies ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   157

6. Oil drilling, noise ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   83

7. OIl flowlines, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   187

8. Oil formation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   152

9. Oil industry, social impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   178

10. Oil market ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    157

11. Oil palm ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    81, 143

12. Oil Palm ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    141, 195

13. Oil pipelines, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    187

14. Oil price ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    157

15. Oil Processing ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    155

16. Oil Production ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    155, 173

17. Oil production, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    184

18. Oil refineries, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    188

19. Oil reserves ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    156

20. Oil revenues ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    171

21. Oil Rivers Protectorate ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    194

22. Oil spills ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    177, 178

23. Oil Spills ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    177

24. Oil terminals, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    188

25. Oil well ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    154

26. Oil, abandoned wells ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    156

27. Oil, drilling, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    181

28. Oil, economic costs ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    188

29. Oil, economic costs and benefits ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    189

30. Oil, economic importance ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    156

31. Oil, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    173, 179, 204

32. Oil, international importance ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    156

33. Oil, Nigerian Light ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    156

34. Oil, seismic prospecting, environmental impact ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    179

35. Okoroba ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    176, 211, 212, 219, 225,

36. 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233,

37. 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240

38. Okoroba, soils ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    226

39. Okoroba, topography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    225

40. Okrika ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    187, 244, 246, 250

41. Oligophootic layer ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    65

42. Oligophotic ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    86

43. Omnivores ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    43

44. Onchocerciasis ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    118

45. Opobo ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    194, 200, 203

46. Orashi river ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    51

47. Orysa glaberrima ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    135

48. Orysa sativa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    135

49. Osse ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    51, 97

50. Otter ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    95

51. Otters ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    76

52. Ovia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    51, 97

53. Oxidation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    53

54. Oxygen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    53, 120

55. Oysters ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    94

56. P

57. Pachymelania aurita ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    94

58. Palms ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    81, 83

59. Palm-wine ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    91, 232

60. Pan troglodytes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    76

61. Pandanus candalabrum ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    82

62. Pandanus palm ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    82

63. Pangolin ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    77

64. Panthera pardus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    76

65. Parasites ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    71

66. Parkia bicolor ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    74

67. Participation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    165, 166

68. Participation in urban management ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    254

69. Participatory research ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    32, 33

70. Participatory Rural Appraisal ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    33

71. Paspalum ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    85

72. Paspalum vaginatum ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    96

73. Peat ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    83

74. Pembrokeshire ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    178

75. Penaeus notali ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    104

76. Pepper, "European" ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    140

77. Percolation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    67

78. Periophthalmus spp ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    95

79. Periwinkle shells ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    161

80. Periwinkles ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    94

81. Perodicticus potto ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    76

82. Petroleum Hydrocarbons ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    152

83. pH ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    103

84. Pholidota ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    77

85. Photosynthesis ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    53

86. Phytoplankton ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    103

87. Pigmy Hippopotamus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    87

88. Pink Shrimp ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    103

89. Pioneer communities ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    90

90. Piper nigra ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    140

91. Piptadena africana ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    84

92. Piptadenia africana ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    73

93. Plankton ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    103

94. Plantains ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    135

95. Plantations, mixed ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    139

96. Pneumataphores ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    81

97. Pneumatophores ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    70, 84, 92

98. Pneumorrhizae ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    202, 213, 228

99. see also peg roots ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    213

100. Polychaete worms ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

     94

261