512 . iv. DEC. 23, isos. NOTES AND QUERIES, in pig-styes." An extract from Curwen, i. 181, shows the Irish peasant sharing his cabin with his four-footed benefactor :— " On stooping to enter at the door I was stopped, and found that permission from another was necessary before I could be admitted. A pig, which was fastened to a stake driven into the floor, •with length of rope sufficient to permit him the enjoyment of sun and air, demanded some courtesy, Which I showed him, and was suffered to enter." A more classical authority, still before 1840, is Shelley, who was not always an angel beating in the void his luminous wings in vain. '(Edipus Tyrannus; or, Swellfoot the Tyrant' (1820), is not the most ethereal of his works. The older meaning of the word "pig" is found surviving when the "First Sow " says, " My Pigs, 'tis vain to tug." But the generic sense predominates. The Chorus of Swine sing "we pigs"; we hear of ' jury of the pigs," " the glorious constitution of the pigs " : and Zephaniah is now a " hog- butcher "and now "pig-butcher." L. R. M. STRACHAN. Heidelberg, Germany. About here a pig is a pig from birth till six or eight months old, when it becomes a boar, a hog, or a sow. Swine, the plural of sow, is not used here except by the Agri- cultural Department, who in public notices use a swine as the equivalent of a sow, a misuse of the word. A bacon hog may be of any weight over five score. Smaller animals would be quarter-pork when dead, but whether so called from being quartered by the butcher, or from being a quarter of a year old, I cannot say. The spare-rib and griskin of a bacon hog or sow are called pig- meat, whether large or small. The divisions of an orange are called pigs. Ingots of iron are pig-iron, and a guinea-pig is a pig to the end of life. JOHN P. STILWELL. Hilfield, Vateley, Hants. How about the learned pig at fairs and races—really a full-grown swine, i.e., sow ? A. HALL. " SJAMBOK ": ITS PEONUNCIATION (10th S. iv. 204, 332).—The pronunciation of this word as given in the supplement of 'Webster'— viz., " shambok "—is the way the word is commonly pronounced by the English-speak- ing people in South Africa. The Dutch people and the Kaffirs pronounce it as samb6k," the.;' being silent, this being the correct way, I believe. The Kaffir word is Isa-b6-ulnoe, the lo being pronounced like bau " in baulk and the /' being silent. As to the etymology of the word I have not as yet been able to see a 'Supplement' of Skeat, but I should think it is possibly from Portuguese-Malay, as are many other words in the " Taal." ARNOLD PICKFORD RAWSON. Rhodes University College, South Africa. The invariable South African pronuncia- tion is " shambuck " with the accent equally divided, whether used as a noun or a verb. FRANK SCHLOKSSKR. •ZAPATA'S QUESTIONS' (10th S. iv. 449).— This work is by Voltaire, and is to be found in the British Museum. There is also 'The Questions of Zapata,' ic. (translated from the French by a lady), pp. 28. London, Hetherington [1840?] 8vo. FRANCIS G. HALEY. National Liberal Club. ' Les Questions de Zapata' is one of Vol- taire's works, and consists of sixty-seven Queries on Biblical and theological subjects, t was included in the 'Recueil Necessaire.' and has often been reprinted both in French and English. It is, of course, included in Bengesco's Voltaire bibliography (No. 1737). WILLIAM E. A. AXON. Manchester. CHARLES LAMB (10th S. iv. 445). — COL. PRIDEAUX will find the explanation of the reference to Lamb's continental tour, to which the writer he quotes from calls atten- tion, in The London Magazine for August, 1822. In the ' Lion's Head ' for that month the first paragraph refers to ' Re-prints of Elia,' which it was intended should now and then be inserted. The first one, which appeared in the same number, was 'The Confessions of a Drunkard,' and this was followed in the next issue by 'A Bachelor's Complaint of the Behaviour of Married People.' The paragraph above referred to runs as follows :— "Many are the sayings of Klia, painful and frequent his lucubrations, set forth for the most part (such his modesty !) without a name, scattered about in obscure periodicals and forgotten miscel- lanies. From the dust of some of these, it is oar intention, occasionally, to revive a Tract or two, that shall seem worthy of a better fate; especially at a time like the present, when the pen of ourindvf_ trious contributor, engaged ill a laborious digest ol his Continental Tour, may haply want the leisure to expatiate in more miscellaneous speculations." (The italics are mine.) The continental tour referred to his recent visit to France. He appears only to have visited Versailles, where he stayed with the Kenneys and enjoyed a "few short days of connubial felicity" with Kenney'a child wife Sophy, and Paris, where he met and supped with Talma the actor.
