12 S. HI. FEB. 24, 1917.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
157
and printed, at Home in 1543, this manuscript of
"the 'Octavius' was associated with them, and was
printed with them as a Liber Octavus ; a mistake
which was repeated in the two succeeding editions.
TVaneois Baudouin, or Balduinus, in his Heidelberg
edition of 1560, was the n'rst to publish the sup-
posed Liber Octavus of Arnobius as the 'Octavius'
-of Minucius. His edition contains a long Latin
-dissertation, in which he claims the work for
its real author, and expresses his surprise that
the mistake should have escaped the notice of so
great a scholar as Erasmus."
B. B.
Francois Baudouin, or Balduin, was a famous personage in his own. day, and it is still difficult to escape acquaintance with his name. Like Robespierre, he was a native of Arras. He was born on Jan. 1, 1520, and died at Paris in 1573. He studied at Louvain,
- and acquired an international reputation for,
his knowledge of law, lecturing on that subject at various seats of learning. At the time of his death he had accepted an in- vitation to the University of Cracow. Accounts of his career may be read, to mention only a few among older books of reference, in Albertus Miraeus's ' Elogia illustrium Belgii Scriptorum ' (1602), Valerius Andreas's ' Bibliotheca Belgica ' (1623), Sir Thomas Pope Blount's ' Censura cele- briorum Authorum ' (1690), and Bayle's ' Dictionnaire historique et critique,' in the 1720 edition of which he takes up six folio pages and just over a hundred marginal notes. Baudouin was the author of many "works, chiefly on Roman law. But a good deal of the interest which he excited was due to his relations with leaders of religous parties and his own frequent changes, or alleged changes, in belief. The book to i which OUTIS refers, the ' Responsio ad Calvinum et Bezam,' was written by [Baudouin because he had been attacked by Calvin as the supposed author of an anony- mous treatise of Cassander's.
EDWARD BENSLY.
" DECELERATE " (12 S. iii. 48, 139). Permit me to enter a protest against the misuse of " decelerate " given at the first reference.
- ' Acceleration " is the rate of change of
the velocity of a body, velocity including both the speed and direction of motion. Hence the velocity of a body may be ac- celerated either by increasing its speed or by changing its direction of motion, or by a combination of the two. In consequence of rate of change of direction being one form of
- acceleration, a body which is rotating with a
.uniform speed in a circle is, contrary to a common opinion, being accelerated. Rate
of increase of velocity is (positive) accelera-
tion, while rate of decrease of velocity is
negative acceleration, or more briefly and
correctly " deceleration." Speed is usually
measured in feet per second, and acceleration
and deceleration are therefore measured in
feet per second, per second. Thus a body
whose speed decreases 15 ft. per second each
second is said to be subject to a deceleration
of 15 ft. per sec. per sec.
To use " decelerate " in the sense given at the first reference is obviously incorrect, and does not convey the meaning of the railway people. They mean that the trains will not run so fast, i.e., that their mean speed will be less than in pre-war times It is clear from the definition of deceleration (used by physicists long before its misuse by railway folk) that the mean speed of a train does not depend on its acceleration while starting, or deceleration while stopping. (When it is moving at a uniform speed in a straight line it is not subject to either effect.) Hence it would be quite possible to have a train subject to more deceleration while stopping and less acceleration while starting, and yet for its mean speed to be much greater than before ; that is, the journey would be perforated in less time, which is not what the railway people mean. They mean " there will be fewer and slower trains," and it seems to me a pity they did not say so, instead of stating that " the passenger train service will be considerably curtailed and decele- rated." ALFRED S; E. ACKERMANN.
ALDERMAN THOMAS HOYLE, M.P. FOB YORK CITY (12 S. iii. 91). Was a merchant and draper in York ; son of Thomas Hoyle of Slaithwaite in that county ; Freeman of York, 1611 ; Governor of the Merchants' Company, 1629-31 ; Chamberlain of the city, 1614 ; Sheriff, 1621-2 ; Alderman, Oct. 20, 1626 ; Lord Mayor, 1632-3, and again on the surrender of the city to the Parliamentary forces in 1643.
He was elected M.P. for York in 1628-9 and in September, 1640, holding the seat until his death. He was a pronounced Parliamentarian in the Civil War ; one of the Commissioners for York City in the 4 Scanda- lous Ministers Act, 1642 ; took the League and Covenant, Sept. 25, 1643 ; appointed in the same year on the Committees of Assess- ment and Sequestration for the City ; also in 1645 on the Committees for the Northern Association and for providing preaching ministers for the Northern Counties. On Sept. 14, 1643, he contributed 100Z. towards enabling Sir William Waller to advance. He
