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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9* s. XIL OCT. 2*, 1903.
given to my imagination, it has, unlike Elia s,
brought its subjects from no remoter period than a
somewhat short and uneventful life has contained.
But it would be an unwise task to look too closely
into any points of comparison between my Dream-
land Tales and those of Elia, for I am afraid .
should discover that the mere name is all they have
in common."
No mention is made of the tales being trans- lations, but in one or two the names are German. The last one, ' The Marriage of the Pine/ is dedicated " to S. F. A. in recollection of Saturday nights by a three-cornered fire- side." It would be interesting to discover the author's identity.
W. R. B. PEIDEAUX.
The right title is 'Dream Children,' by Horace E. Scudder, published by Hough ton, Mifflin & Co. O. H. DARLINGTON.
HAMBURG (9 th S. xii. 268). Hamburg was originally called Hammaburg, and first occurs under this name A.D. 834, as we learn from Forstemann's ' Alt-Deutsche Ortsnamen ' (2te Bearbeitung, 1872, col. 729-30). Isaac Taylor, in his handbook on 'Names and their His- tories' (second revised ed., 1898), explains this ancient name Hammaburg as the forest fortress, built in a woodland which long went by the name of the Hamme, between the Elbe and the Alster. He adds that the word originally denoted a pasture enclosed or hemmed in by a ditch or hedge. Hence it is evident that Hamburg in its origin must be as strictly kept asunder from Havenburg as from English Ham = Anglo-Saxon Hamm -= Old High German JIamma, i.e., the bent or crooked part of the knee, which appear to be alike.
H. KREBS.
Hamburg is rendered by German authorities Waldburg, i.e., not the borough on the haven, but the borough in the forest. Its first element is the same/icm which occurs in many English place-names. Hammaburg, as the old docu- ments have it, was a blockhouse built by Charlemagne about 811, in a woodland called " the Ham," on what was then the Slavonic frontier. He was on the point of making it the seat of a bishopric when he died (814). JAS. PLATT, Jun.
CARDINALS (9 fch S. xi. 490 ; xii. 19, 174, 278). I have known since 1887 that Cardinal Richelieu was a bishop when he received the hat, and that, being Bishop of Lucon, he could not have been one of the six " cardinal bishops " ; but I had the technical position in nay mind when I penned my reply, apart from the ecclesiastical one. Richelieu soon gave up Lucjon, when once cardinal, for more freedom to work his ambitious programme. My first
intention in studying the biography of the
" Red Eminence " was to find his connexion
and associations with the Sorbonne.
JOHN A. RANDOLPH.
The distinction made by W. T. H. at the last reference between cardinal priests and cardinal deacons is not borne out by the lists in Las Matrie. Many bishops occur among the cardinal deacons. C. S. WARD.
Wootton St. Lawrence.
"PASS" (9 th S. xii. 189, 236). Theodore Hook, though an extraordinary person, moved, it is known, in good society. The following tale shows that he was conversant with the phrase. Staying in a house with him was a lady, who, with the best inten- tions in regard to his bon vivant habits, knocked one day at his room, door, and, on receiving the reply that she could not enter, was asked her wishes, when she said, "I have brought you a book to read." " What is it V ' said Hook. " ' Three Words to those who Drink,' " was her reply. " Take it away," he said, " for I know it, it 's ' Pass the bottle.'" HAROLD MALET, Col.
This word will even be found in that greatest of comedies, viz., ' The School for Scandal,' by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. I venture to quote part of the song by Sir Harry Bumper therein :
Here 's to the maiden of bashful fifteen ;
Here 's to the widow of fifty ; Here's to the flaunting extravagant quean, And here 's to the housewife that 's thrifty.
Chorus.
Let the toast pass, Drink to the lass, I '11 warrant she '11 prove an excuse for a glass.
HENRY GERALD HOPE. 119, Elms Road, Clapham, S.W.
"Mr. Winkle was asleep, and Mr. Tupman had had sufficient experience in such matters to know that the moment he awoke he would, in the ordinary course of nature, roll heavily to bed. He was undecided. ' Fill your glass, and pass the wine,' said the indefatigable visitor." 'Pickwick,' chap. ii.
I hops I have not hit upon a quotation which io in f .h^ dictionaries, but I may have done so. E. YARDLEY.
HAWTHORN (9 UJ S. xii. 268). The way in which the well-known derivation is swept away by the absurd statement that " hedges are a late invention" is hardly fair. The least that should have been done beforehand was to deny the existence of haw itself. How can we translate the Latin soepes, or account for its existence, if " hedges are a late inven- tion " ]
