. in. FEB. is, '99.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
129
"AND WHICH." When did the use of "and
vhich " in a clause where no previous "which"
s found first begin to be proscribed? The
'ollowing are a few examples of the usage,
ncluding some that have " and that " in place
)f "and which":
Wycliffe and Purvey, 1 Peter i. 4. "Into eritage incorruptible and undefoulid, and that schal not fade."
Authorized Version. "To an inheritance incor- ruptible and undefiled, and that fadeth not away."
bir Thomas More, ' Utopia,' ii. 6. " Usque adeo ut plumbeus quispiam, et cui non plus ingenii sit quam stipiti."
Ralph Robynson's translation. " In so muche that a lumpyshe blokehedded churle, and whyche hathe no more wytte then an asse "
Sir Thomas North, 'Plutarch: Julius Csesar.'
An army invincible and which they could not possibly with-stand."
Dryden, ' Essay of Dramatic Poesy.'" We have many plays of ours as regular as any of theirs, and lohich oesides have "
Dr. Johnson, 'Life of Addison.' "Two books yet celebrated in Italy for purity and elegance, and which, if they are now less read, are neglected only because
De Quincey, \ Life of Bentley.' "Of feuds so deadly, so enduring, and tohich continue to interest at a distance of a hundred and fifty years "
Lord Beaconsfield, ' Letter to the Duke of Marl- borough.' "A danger in its ultimate results scarcely less disastrous than pestilence and famine, and which now engages your Excellency's anxious attention, distracts Ireland."
The following translation (Paul Stapfer) of a familiar passage in ' Macbeth ' seems to show that the usage is legitimate in French :
"C'est une histoire dite par un idiot, pleine de fracas et de furie, et qui ne signifie rien."
C. J. I.
ARTHUR O'SHAUGHNESSY : ' ZULEIKA.' What is " the flower that blooms by night," in the last line of this beautiful and romantic poem ? Does the poet mean the " marvel of Peru," called in French "belle de nuit"; or is it, more probably, an imaginary flower, that blooms only in the land of romance? Although Zuleika is an Eastern damsel, her minstrel lover is apparently European, so far as we can localize him at all. The marvel of Peru appears to bloom in the open air in Europe. See the charming description of the Austrian priory garden in * Consuelp,' chap. Ixxvi. Consuelo says to Beppo, that is, young Joseph Haydn :
"Regarde, te dis-je, et ne ris pas, ce paquet de grosses etoiles blanches, la, au beau milieu du gazon. Je ne sais comment on les appelle ; des belles de nuit, je crois. Oh ! elles sont bien nommees ! Elles sont belles et pures comme les 6toiles du ciel. Elles se penchent et se relevent toutes ensemble au souffle de^la brise 16gere, et elles ont 1'air de rire et de fo^atrer comme une troupe de petites filles vetues de blanc Et puis les voila qui s'arretent dans
1'air immobile, et qui regardent toutes du cot6 de la
lune. On dirait maintenant qu'elles la contemplent
et qu'elles 1'admirent. La lune aussi semble les
regarder, les couver et planer sur elles comme un
grand oiseau de nuit."
'Zuleika' is in 'Music and Moonlight'; also in the ' Golden Treasury,' Second Series, 1897, p. 49. JONATHAN BOUCHIER.
PRISON REFORM. The following extract is from Bacon's ' Sylva Sylvarum,' p. 201 of the edition published in 1670. It is strange that the propriety of keeping prisons in a healthy condition throughout the year did not occur to him. Who was the first person to advocate a reform of the traditional methods of management in this respect?
"The most pernicious Infection, next the Plague, is the smell of the Gaol, when Prisoners have been long, and close, and nastily kept ; whereof we have had in our time, experience twice or thrice, when both the judges that sat upon the Gaol, and num- bers of those that attended the business, or were present, sickened upon it, and died. Therefore it were good wisdom, that in such cases the gaol were aired before they be brought forth."
M. P.
SANDERSON FAMILY OP SEBERGHAM, co. CUMBERLAND. I should esteem it a favour if any reader would let me have par- ticulars of this family. I understand there is a monument in Sebergham Church to a member of it. I should like to know from what family John. Sanderson of Seberg- ham, born 1723, ob. 1776, was descended. Thomas Sanderson, the poet, was a son of the before-mentioned John. If any correspond- ent could tell me where I can find a copy of the above inscription I should be thankful.
C. H. C.
[You will find under ' Sanderson, Thomas,' a little information in 'Diet. Nat. Biog.']
LIEUT. CHARLES T. METCALFE MCDOWELL. I am anxious to place myself in communica- tion with any surviving relatives of Lieut. Charles Theophilus Metcalfe McDowell, who was second in command of Hodson's Horse from June, 1857, until his death, which occurred in January, 1858, when he was killed in action near Lucknow. I shall be much obliged if you can help me to obtain any in- formation of the whereabouts of near relatives of the above officer.
F. G. CARDEW, Capt.
AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED. Think truly, and thy thoughts shall the world's
famine feed ; Speak truly, and each word of thine shall be a
fruitful seed ; Live truly, and thy life shall be a great and noble
deed. E. L.
