8*8. VII. MARCH 16, 1901.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
215
as in Coles's and Littleton's English-Latin
dictionaries. Johnson's reference to Tusser,
who wrote his book of husbandry in East
Anglia, is chap, xlvii. stanza 25. As to suc-
cedaneum, a substitute, a word used by the
ancient Latin jurists and now naturalized
among us, it was sufficiently common in
Arthur Young's days to find a place in
Johnson's dictionary, where it is denned as
" that which is put to serve for something
else"; but it was certainly not a word that
the ordinary farmer would understand.
F. ADAMS. 115, Albany Road, Camberwell.
The inference is that the grass was to be reserved and the sheep fed on turnips, after which the grass would prove a good substitute or succedaneum. " Rouen " or " roan " is whin, gorse, or furze. Halliwell says "Roan" means " 1. The town of Rouen. 2. A clump of whins." See also 'Winter Food for Cattle,' *N. & Q.,' 8 th S. xi. 405. The Suffolk word " rowens " means after-grass, or the second crop of hay. Vide Halliwell. ARTHUR MAY ALL.
MOTTO FOR LAUNDRY PORCH (9 th S. vii.
68, 176). I offer with some confidence
Georgic i. 387 :
Et studio incassum videas gestire lavandi.
(Incassum, for the labour is of weekly renewal.)
R. D. Black more translates :
Then deeper still into the breakers dash, And frolic in extravagance of splash.
He has a better rendering in one of his
early novels. Where ? A. O. PRICK ARD.
MALT AND HOP SUBSTITUTES (9 th S. vii. 150). Bagage means rubbish (see the 'H.E.D.,' art. ' Baggage '). Gascoigne probably alludes to "the wicked weed called hops," against which public opinion ran high. Andrew Boorde in 1542 notices, in his * Dyetary ' (x. 256), the consumption of hopped beer " to the detryment of many Englysshe men"; and the old song of the ' Ex-ale-tation of Ale ' expresses the sentiment very strongly :
The hop 's but a weed
Brought over against law, and here set to sale. Would the law were renewed, and no more beer
brew'd
But Beer hath its name, 'cause it brings to the
bier
And therefore (if ancient records do not fail)
He that first brewed the hop was rewarded with a
rope,
And found his Beer far more bitter than Ale. This song is quoted more at length in Southey's ' Commonplace Book,' first series.
F. ADAMS.
The word bagage does not mean some special ingredient used by brewers for the adultera-
tion of beer, but any rubbish used as a sub-
stitute for the proper thing. The word is
explained under the article ' Baggage,' in
'N.E.D.' and 'E.D.D.' These useful works
of reference seem to be very generally ignored
by the majority of the correspondents of
- N. & Q.' who make inquiries about the
meaning of English words.
A. L. MAYHEW. Oxford.
THE DRESDEN AMEN (9 th S. vii. 87, 171). The word " amen " sung to the first five notes of the ascending major diatonic scale is com- monly known to Church musicians as the Dresden Amen. Why 1 How was it identified with Dresden] Was it always an amen, or was it a typical cadence borrowed from a more extended composition ? Was it used as an amen in Catholic or in Lutheran services t Was it only a final amen, or was it used throughout the service? I meant all this to be understood when I wrote, "Will any one oblige me with its history ?" MR. ARTHUR MAYALL may, if he please, find the musical notes in Dr. Charles W. Pearce's Christmas Cantata (at the end of the third number), or as No. 650 of the (Presbyterian) Church Hymnary, edited by Sir John Stainer.
S. G. OULD.
The Dresden Amen is the beautiful musical phrase in constant use in the Court Church, Dresden. It was much admired by Mendels- sohn, who introduced it in his ' Reformation ' Symphony, and also by Wagner, who quoted it in his music-drama ' Parsifal.' It was composed by Johann Gottlieb Naumann, a well-known Dresden composer, who was born in 1741 and died in 1801.
WILLIAM H. CUMMINGS.
"PERIDOT," "PERITED," OR "PILIDOD" (9 th S. vi. 348, 414). Having looked up the five articles referred to by MR COLEMAN, I am moved to make corrections as to an important mistake in two of them (8 th S. i. 180, 296), where the peridot is said to be "a kind of emerald" and "distinguished from the emerald or beryl by not containing glucina."
Now, far from that being so, the peridot or chrysolite has nothing in common with an emerald whatsoever, beyond their being both silicates. Speaking from the jeweller's point of view, the emerald is a first-class precious stone, the peridot a fourth-class one ; and, from the mineralogist's, neither crystalliza- tion, composition, nor matrix is the same. What your correspondent may have been thinking of is the "paricite," an extremely rare and valuable stone found in emerald
