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CHAP. XII.]
THE CATEGORIES.
45

not become altered (in quality); and in like manner with other things of this kind, so that these motions will differ from each other.

3. Generic and specific contrariety to motion. Nevertheless simply, rest is contrary to motion, the several rests to the several motions, corruption to generation, diminution to increase, rest in place to change in place; but change to a contrary place seems especially opposed, as ascent to descent, downwards to upwards. Still it is not easy, to define the contrary to the remainder of these specified motions, but it seems to have no contrary, unless some one should oppose to this, rest according to quality, or change of quality into its contrary, just as in change of place, rest according to place, or change to a contrary place. For alteration is the mutation of quality, so that to motion according to quality, will rest according to quality, or change to the contrary of the quality, be opposed; thus becoming white is opposed to becoming black, since a change in quality occurs, there being an alteration of quality into contraries.


Chap. XV.Of the verb "to Have."

1. Having predicated in many ways.
1. Quality.
To have, is predicated in many modes;[1] either as habit and disposition or some other quality, for we are said to have knowledge and virtue;
  1. This form is often cognate, and almost identical with the 7th, of possession, thus St. Paul's Ep. 2 Cor iv. 7; as to the 2nd, the idiom of the English does not fully correspond with the Greek ἔχειν, our word in relation to quantity being "to hold." A rare use of the word "havings" occurs in the Lover's Complaint of Shakspeare; see Knight's edition: "Whose rarest havings made the blossoms dote."