154 CULLEY. CUMMINGS. of John F. McEvoy, Lowell. He was admitted to the Middlesex bar in iS6g, and has remained in the successful prac- tice of his profession up to the present time. Mr. Crowley served as national delegate of the A. O. H. for two years, and was for thirteen years treasurer of division No. 2, A. O. H.; has been president of the Low- ell Irish Benevolent Society, St. Patrick Temperance Association and the old 6th Regiment Association. He was a member of the Lowell common council in 1870 and '71, and of the board of aldermen in 1873, '74. '77, '7Sand '86. In 1882 he was elected to the state Senate, serving on the com- mittees on prisons and liquor law, and the committee on removal of Judge Day, judge of probate for the county of Barn- stable. Mr. Crowley did not have the advant- ages of wealth in his earlier days, and to a great extent is a self-educated man, work- ing at his trade by day and studying by night. He is an earnest advocate of tem- perance, and is a leading representative of the better element of the Democratic party. He is in the enjoyment of a very large and lucrative practice, and his integrity is unquestioned. No man stands higher in the estimation of his native city, and his present leading position, both as a man and a lawyer, is a conclusive proof of what pluck, ambition and honest endeavor will accomplish in the face of adversity. CULLEY, ELI, was born near Bath, England, February 4, 1840. He was educated in the national schools of England. He came to this country when fifteen years of age. He began business as a file manufacturer in Weymouth, Mass., in 1864, where he remained four years. He then removed to Fitchburg, where he has ever since followed the same business on an ex- tensive scale. In 1862 he married Martha A., daughter of Eli and Fanny E. Redman. Of this union were six children : Frank C, Walter E., Fanny E., Albert E., Elsie B., and Edith F. Culley. Mr. Culley has often been called upon to serve his fellow-citizens in some public trust ; was president of Fitchburg common council in 1875, an( J was an alderman in 1S77 and '78. He represented his district in the House of Representatives in 1880, was mayor of Fitchburg in 1880 and '8t, and was elected to the same office in 1888 and '89. He is a prominent member and officer in various Masonic bodies and associations of I. O. O. F. ELI CULLEY. Mr. Culley served his adopted country in the late war in company K, 43d regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, during its term of service in 1S62 and '63. CUMMINGS, JOSEPH H., son of Jo- seph and Hannah H. (Knowles) Cummings, was born in Orleans, Barnstable county, June 16, 1840. He obtained his early school training in the public schools and private academy of his native town. This was supplemented by a two years' attendance at Pierce Academy, Middleborough. From 1846 to '47 he was traveling in Spain and Italy ; spent six months in Eng- land (1S52) ; was in St. John, N. B., New Orleans, La., and Liverpool, England, in 1854. These trips were taken for his health, which was delicate in those days. From 1858 to '61 he was clerk for the firm of Thomas Knowles & Co., New Bed- ford. From 1 86 1 to '73 he owned and con- ducted a country store. In 1873 he began the wholesale manufacture of clothing, in connection with William H. Howes, a na- tive of Dennisport, under the firm name of Cummings & Howes. The factory was
