OREGON NORMAL SCHOOLS 97
The census returns show the population of the four states mentioned to be as follows :
Oregon Idaho Washington California
1870 90,923 14,999 23,955 560,247
1880 174,768 32,610 75,116 864,694
1890 311,704 88,548 357,232 1,213,398
1900 413,536 161,772 518,103 1,485,053
1910 672,765 325,594 1,141,990 2,377,549
PREPARATION OF TEACHERS
Completed eighth grade only 180
One year high school 123
Two years high school 282
Four years high school . . f 1 122
Three years high school , . 213
One year college or university 176
Two years college or university 181
Three years college or university 118
Four years college or university 564
One year normal 340
Two years normal 737
The total number of teachers required for the schools of the state in 1916 was 6,503. The same year the enrollment in the teacher training classes in high school was 478. Of the 150,000 4 pupils enrolled in the public schools, about 20% had teachers who had three years' high school training or less, 30% had teachers who were high school graduates, 30% had teach- ers with one to two years of normal training, and 20% had teachers with from one to four years' of college or university education. On account of a shortage of teachers, 133 schools are closed, and a greater number of temporary certificates has been issued than usual. Moreover, the general requirements have been lowered since the beginning of the war until it is estimated that over half of the pupils in the public schools have teachers who are below accepted standards in prepara-
4 The total number of census children in the state in 1918 was 205,684 (ages 4-20), and the enrollment was: male, 72,547; female, 73,344; total, 145,891. In 1917 there were 19,181 students enrolled in the high schools. (Report of the state superintendent.)
