154 JOHN C. ALMACK
Counties. A survey of the vote cast on the normals in the initiative election of November 5, 1918, shows these results :
For Against Percentage
Normals Normals Against
Coos 1081 1937 64
Benton 671 1730 72
Lane 2318 3578 61
Lincoln 288 647 69
Multnomah 18125 19333 50
Polk ..: 688 2277 77
Marion 1329 5939 81
Yamhill 1010 2554 71
Clackamas 1976 3966 67
Linn 1069 4277 80
Washington 1013 2685 72
Eastern Oregon counties in the same election voted as fol- lows :
For Against Percentage
Normals Normals Against
Crook 237 519 69
Grant 312 476 60
Morrow 323 425 57
Sherman 377 403 52
Wallowa 381 673 64
In Lane, Benton and Polk Counties are found the state uni- versity, agricultural college, and Monmouth normal respective- ly ; in Marion, Linn, Yamhill and Washington are located Wil- lamette university, Albany college, McMinnville college, and Pacific university respectively. The average percentages against the normals ran higher in those counties in which there are private higher institutions, and (notably in the cases of Polk and Benton) in those in which there are the higher state institutions.
We are now ready to summarize the reasons why the nor-
