as a more usual Gaulish form than the Teutates of the best manuscripts of Lucan. The meaning of the name has never been ascertained, but there is no room for doubt as to the group of words to which it belongs: we have had a closely kindred element in the first part of the compound name Toutiorix, and the principal words in point in the Celtic languages of the present day are the Irish tuath, 'a tribe;' Breton tud, used as a plural in the sense of the English word people; and Welsh tud, which has had its meaning shifted from that of a people to its country. Outside the Celtic area the word appears in Italy as Oscan tauta, touto, and Sabine touta, tôta, 'a community: it was also a Lithuanian and a Teutonic word: as the latter it was well known as the term for the German political body called the Diet, and it yields the adjective Deutsch or Dutch, meaning the vernacular language of the Germans as distinguished from the Latin formerly preferred by scholars and pedants: the Anglo-Saxon form was theod, 'a people,' and a foreigner or alien was eltheod, just as it is 'aỻud' in Welsh: the Gothic was thiuda, Old Norse 'thjóđ,' 'a people.' In all these languages the word was feminine, and we should therefore probably be right in assuming that the Gaulish word for a people or community was touta: a derived form toutjus is attested by one of the few inscriptions extant in the Gaulish tongue. It was found at Vaison, and is pre-
at the other extreme of the Celtic world, namely, one found at Seckau in Styria: see the Berlin Corpus, iii. 5320; but M. Mowat, in the Bull. Epigraphique de la Gaule, i. (1881), 123, reads, not Toutati, but Tioutati, which has a suspicious look about it. M. d'Arbois de Jubainville is inclined to contest M. Mowat's reading: see his Cycle Mythologique irlandais et la Mythologie celtique, p. 378.
