was 1530 cubic centimetres. It is also said to have a strong similarity to another skull which was found in the loess in 1885, at a depth of 6 metres, as shown in the following measurements :—
| Cro-Magnon Skull. |
1891 Skull. | 1885 Skull. | |
Antero-posterior diameter (max.) Frontal transverse (max) Frontal transverse (min.) Horizontal circumference Cephalic index |
mm. 202 149 103 568 74 |
mm. 201 134 95 533 65.7 |
mm. 192 139 90 520 72.3 |
Both Mr Makowsky (Mitt. der Anth. Gesell. in Wien, vol. xxii., 1892, p. 73) and Professor Schaaffhausen (Niederrh. Gesell. in Bonn, 1892), to whose reports we owe these details, have come to the conclusion that the owner of the Brtinn skeleton was contemporary with the mammoth. At the same time they suggest that the mammoth might have survived longer here than elsewhere in Europe. Judging from the class of associated relics, their style of ornamentation, and the application of red colouring-matter to the body, I agree with M. G. Hervé (R.E.A., 1893, p. 20) in regarding the Brünn skeleton as belonging to the Transition or Proto-neolithic period, and hence it may be paralleled with those of Engis, Cro-Magnon, Grimaldi, Paviland, l'Homme-Mort, etc.
Skull of Podbaba.
On the 30th November 1883, a workman dug up a human skull from a depth of 2 metres in clayey soil, at a place called Podbaba, near Prague (Bohemia). It was associated in the same stratum with the remains of Quaternary fauna, among them being a mammoth-tusk, two skulls of the woolly rhinoceros, together with bones of reindeer and horse. All these are certified by Dr Fritsch, in a communication to the Society of Sciences of Prague, to have been on the same level as the human skull, and that the latter presented an outward appearance precisely similar to the other fossils.
The skull was, unfortunately, broken by the workman who disinterred it, and it was difficult to restore its form from the
