Page:Palæolithic Man and Terramara Settlements in Europe.djvu/246

metre distant from the former, but in the very same level of that bed. The species of mammals, of which remains were found in the same bed, are, for the greater part at least, extinct ones, and almost certainly none of them are at present living in Java. Among these remains we find a great number of the above-mentioned small species of Cervus, which certainly is not extant in the Malayan isles. Also many bones of Stegodon were found. One or two Bubalus species seem to be identical with Siwalik species; a Boselaphus, undoubtedly differs from the known species, living and fossil. Further on there were found the extinct genus Leptobos, the genera Rhinoceros, Sus, Felis, Hyaena, and others; a Gavial and a Crocodile, differing little from the existing species in India, but which cannot be classed among them.

"Of the animals found in the same strata in other places, the most interesting species are a gigantic Pangolin (Manis), three times as large as the existing Javanese species, and a hippopotamus belonging to an extinct Siwalik subgenus. Further, a Tapir and an Elephas. "The work having been brought to an end that year on account of the setting in of the rainy season, it was taken up again at the beginning of the dry season in May 1892. A new cutting was now made in the left rocky bank, which comprised the still unfinished part of the old excavation. Thereby bones were again found in great numbers, especially in the deeper beds; and among these, again in the same level of the lapilli bed which had contained the skull-cap and the molar tooth, the left femur was found in August, at a distance of about 15 metres from the former; and at last, in October, a second molar, at a distance of 3 metres at the most from the place where the skull-cap was discovered, and in the direction of the place where the femur had been dug out. This tooth I did not describe, because I only found it later among a collection of teeth derived from the place stated above."

After explaining that certain irregularities observed on the surface of the skull-cap, ascribed by some to rubbing and by others to disease, were brought about in the place of deposit by acidulous water percolating through the rocks— all the other bones being more or less similarly corroded by it the author goes on to combat the doubt whether the separate bones belonged to one and the same animal :—

"A doubt whether the four remains were once organically connected is certainly comprehensible, and was pronounced from different sides. Nevertheless, it seems to me that this doubt is hardly allowable, on account of the short distance of the places of discovery from one another- for a distance of 15 metres is so small that, as an argument against the supposition that the bones belonged to the same skeleton, it cannot be considered as of more importance than if the bones had been found in contact with one another. I often found bones from the self-same skeleton, and even fragments of one bone, at corresponding distances. I daresay that every palæontologist who has made any excavations for fossil vertebrate remains has had the