Caphar Hananiah, the boundary of Upper Galilee, is the Hannathon of the Bible, now Kefr 'Anân (Shebiith, ix, 2).
Caphar Signa was a place with vineyards in the plains (Menakhoth, ix, 7) within the borders of Judea. It was perhaps near Jamnia (Kelim, V, 4), since the question as to a tire in its ovens was carried there. Possibly Tell es Sellâkah, north-east of Yebnah.[1]
Caphar Outhnai (Gittin, i, 5; vii, 8) was on the border of Samaria— probably Kefr Adhan, north-west of Jenin.
Chezib, now Ez Zib, was the border of the Holy Land north of Accho Peah, i, 3; Shebiith, vi, 1).
Colonia, near Jerusalem (Succah, iv, 5) otherwise called Ham-Motza, "the spring," was the present Kolonia, near which is the ruin Beit Mizzeh.
Catzra, apparently meaning "camp" (קצרה, Castrum), is applied to two walled towns. One was at Sepphoris (Seffûrieh), one at Gush Caleb (el Jîsh), a third noticed with these is called Yudephath (or Yorphat), "the old" (חישנה), and its site not clearly explained. It might be fixed at Jeshanah ('Ain Sinia) in Judea,[2] since Jerusalem is noticed in the same passage (Eracin, ix, 6). There was a Castra (קסטרא) near Haifa (Midrash Ekha, i, 17), which appears to have been the ruin Kefr es Samîr, "the village of Samaritans," and its inhabitants were enemies of the Jews of Haifa. But the places called Catzra were ancient Jewish towns.
Elath, now Aila, on the Red Sea, was the limit of the Holy Land on the south-east (Maaser Sheni, v, 2).
Emmaus, now 'Armwâs, had a meat market (Kerithoth, iii, 7). It was not well regarded by the Rabbis (Eracin, x, i), though Jewish priests lived there.
En Sucr (Menakhoth, x, 2) was in a plain within Judea.
Gamala (Eracin, ix, 6) may be the famous fortress defended against Vespasian, east of the Sea of Galilee—now called el Hosn.
Gedor, in the same passage, may be the town so-called south of Jerusalem, now Jedûr, It was an ancient walled town according to the Mishnah.
Gilgal is once mentioned (Zebakhim, xiv, 5) with Gibeon.[3]
Gush Caleb in the same passage is now el Jîsh in Galilee.
Hadashah (Erubin, v, 6) in Judea is a doubtful site.
Hammath, near Tiberias, now the Hummâm Tubarîya, is noticed for
- ↑ Dr. Neubauer suggests a sakneh near Jaffa, but all the suburbs so called appear to be modern.
- ↑ Dr. Neubauer suggests the Iotapata of Josephus (???), now Jefat, which, however, is called Gopatata, in the Midrash (Koheleth, 108a), situated in Galilee.
- ↑ In this passage it is said that high places were lawful to Israel before the Temple was built, while the religious centre was at Gilgal, at Nob, or at Gibeon, but not while at Shiloh.
