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PAPER AND ITS USES
Drying Royal.—Strong, unsized papers, royal in size, used in copying books to absorb the excess of moisture after the copying paper has been wetted. Blotting paper is not sufficiently strong to stand the handling to which the drying royal is subjected. Hand-made papers of this class are all-rag, but other fibres are used for some of those made on the machine. Weight, 44 Ib. or 88 Ib. per ream of 480 sheets.
Duplex Papers may be made of two layers of differently coloured papers brought together in the wet state and rolled together, or may be coated with different colours, after the paper is made, as duplex art papers.
Duplicating Papers.—Unsized or half-sized papers used for taking copies on cyclostyle, mimeograph and similar duplicating machines. Best qualities are composed largely of esparto, but the common varieties contain mechanical wood. Usual sizes: double foolscap 24 Ib., large post 18 Ib. per ream of 480 sheets.
Embossed Papers.—Papers of various qualities and colours are run through rollers engraved with patterns, by which means the papers are permanently embossed. Hard cover papers retain the patterns better than softer papers, but many kinds, repp, linen, crash, crocodile and other leather patterns are made upon soft papers. Embossed papers find favour as cover papers and box covering papers.
Enamelled Papers are body papers with a mineral coating on one side, white or coloured, the surface being highly polished. Used for labels, box coverings, and outside wrappers of various kinds, printed in one or more colours.
Engine-sized Papers.—The majority of papers are sized with resin, which is added to the pulp in the beating engine, hence the term "engine-sized" (E.S.). The attempts to size with animal size in the engine are not completely successful, as a large part of the gelatine, being in solution, goes away with the water. Most machine-made papers which are tub-sized are to some extent engine-sized.
Envelope Papers. All kinds of paper may be used for envelope making, but papers highly glazed on one side
