the direction of fibres. The strips should be inclined first to the right and then to the left to ensure correct conclusions.
Hand-made paper has four deckle edges, but imitation hand-mades also have these, and mould-made papers are similarly marked. Imitation hand-mades, being machine-made, are distinguishable by the means enumerated above, and comparison with the edges of known hand-made paper will be the quickest method of distinguishing between real and imitation deckle edges.
Mould-made papers are not easily distinguishable from hand-made papers. The deckle edges are not always alike on all four sides as they are in hand-made papers. Testing on the Leunig machine (see page 99), they will usually reveal a difference which it is not possible to discover from looking at the sheet. The German paper experts declare it impossible to differentiate with certainty between the two kinds of paper, while a papermaker who manufactures both varieties usually has but little difficulty in naming them correctly.
Comparison between Hand-made, Mould-made, and Machine-made Papers
Tests made on Leunig's Machine (see page 99),
Papers of same size and substance
| Description of Paper. |
Stronger Direction. | Weaker Direction. | Mean of Two Directions. | |||
| Tensile Strength. |
Elongation. | Tensile Strength. |
Elongation. | Tensile Strength. |
Elongation. | |
| Lb. | Per cent. | Lb. | Per cent. | Lb. | Per cent. | |
| Hand-made | 25.5 | 3.9 | 22.1 | 5.6 | 23.8 | 475 |
| Mould-made | 26.8 | 4.8 | 20.8 | 4.7 | 23.8 | 475 |
| Machine-made | 26.5 | 3.7 | 16.0 | 5.7 | 21.3 | 470 |
The figures given are the mean results of five tests.
