a dog;—and also from trees and other circumstances; as Warn, Warne, and alder-tree; Sparnon, Spernon, a thorn.
Again, other surnames are derived from baptismal names; as Clemow, Clemmo, Clamo, Climo, Clyma, Clymo, from Clement; Colenso from Collins; Faull from Paul; Jaca, Jacka, Jago, Jajo, from James; Jose from Joseph; Tubby from Thomas, &c.
For the better tracing the meaning of Cornish Surnames and their connection with each other, it may be as well to note the changes which certain vocables are liable to undergo; thus tre, a town, dwelling, gentleman's seat, may take the form of tref, trev, treg, trig, tren, trin, trem, tra, dra, dre, fra, fre, free, frea, ren, rem, re; nan, nance, nans, nantz,[1] signify a valley; coit, coite, quoit, quite, god, goed, goda, coose, cois, cos, côs, cooze, coys, cus, gûs, kûs, gosse (pl. cosow, cosows), a wood; gun, gûn, gon, goon, guen, wôn, woon, a down or common; ford; for, vor, forth, a way; enys, ynez, ince, a peninsula made by a river or the sea; wiggan, wigan, bighan, biggan, briggan, brigh, bean, vian, vean, little; bo, bod, bot, bos, bus, bes, bis, a house; ros, rose, res, a valley; cûm, cwm, cuum, com, coomb, a valley; ti, ty, te, de, chy, dzhy, tshyi, thsei, a house; tron, dron, truan, truin, truyn, trevan, trewyn, a nose, promontory, or headland; arth, ard, varth, warth, worth, high; melin, mellan, vellan, vellen, fellen, a mill; meas, mes, maes, mez, mêz, meys, vês, vêz, vease, a meadow, open field; vidhin, vidn, vethan, vythyn, bidhin, bidn, meaddan, a meadow; pen, pedn, fedn, ben, bedn, the head, end; pen, pedn, bin, ben, bedn, a hill; denick, thenick, hilly; hâl, hale, a moor; kil, kill, killi, killy, gilly, gelly, a grove; les, lis, a court, hall;
