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NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011
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| 19. | U.S. Dept of State, Political Alignments..., op. cit., 54–55. |
| 20. | Ibid. |
| 21. | I. Milton Sacks, "Marxism in Vietnam," in Frank N. Trager, ed., Marxism in Southeast Asia (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1959), 150. |
| 22. | Modelski, loc. cit., paraphrasing the official Vietnamese Communist Party history, Thirty Years of Struggle of the Party. |
| 23. | Bert Cooper, John Killigrew, Norman La Charité, Case Studies in Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: Vietnam 1941–1954 (Washington: Special Operations Research Office, The American University, 1964), 87–88. |
| 24. | Modelski, op. cit., 189, quoting Thirty Years... |
| 25. | Cooper, et al, op. cit., 88–89. French sources estimated 50,000 Viet Minh in Tonkin as of August, 1944; U.S. Dept of State, Political Alignments..., op. cit., 61. |
| 26. | Cooper, et al, loc. cit. |
| 27. | Some French authors have been prone to credit the U.S. for Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh; e.g., Lucien Bodard, The Quicksand War (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967), 221–222. The ranking American official in northern Vietnam in 1945, Brigadier General Philip E. Gallagher, has attested: "...throughout the months before the Japanese capitulation, O.S.S. officers and men operated behind Japanese lines, to arm, lead and train native guerrillas who were organized by the Viet Minh." (A situation report, undated, in the Gallagher Papers, quoted in Bert Cooper, John Killigrew, and Norman La Charité, Case Studies in Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: Vietnam 1941–1954 [Washington, D. C.: Special Operations Research Office, The American University, 1964], 107.) But O.S.S. assistance to the Viet Minh-led guerrillas was quite limited, although it gave the Viet Minh the opportunity to proclaim that they were part of the Allied effort against the Japanese. Cf., Fall, Le Viet-Minh: La République Démocratique du Viet-Nam [Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1960], 34. Fall, Two Viet-Nams, op. cit., 66–71, details the case for the postwar American aid and comfort to the Viet Minh, which adds up to a more substantial charge — but similarly is without foundation in the record. |
| 28. | Quoted in ibid., 63. |
| 29. | U.S. Dept of State, Political Alignments..., op. cit., 66–67, quoting The Factual Record of the August Revolution (Hanoi, September, 1946). |
| 30. | Fall, ed., Ho Chi Minh on Revolution, op. cit., 141–142. |
| 31. | Buttinger, op. cit., I, 435–436. |
B-71
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