ر r is sounded as r in the French word pardon.
ژ zh is pronounced like j in the French word jour ; or as z in the word azure.
ش sh is sounded as in shun, shine.
ص ṣ has a stronger and more hissing sound than our s.
ض z is pronounced by the Arabs as a hard d or dt; by the Persians as z.
ط,ظ t and z in Persian are sounded like ت t, and ز z.
غ gh is like the letter r as pronounced by a Scotchman.
ق ḳ resembles the letter c in cup, calm.
ك k is sounded like k in king, kalendar.
گ g is sounded like g in go, give ; never as g in gem, gentle.
ل l is sounded like l in law. When alif is combined with it, the two take the form of لا or نلا[1].
ن n at the Beginning of a word, or syllable, is sounded like n ; at the end of a word or syllable, if preceded by a long vowel, it has a soft nasal sound bike that of n in the French word garçon. When followed by the labials ب b, پ p, ف f, it assumes the sound of m, as in the word گنبد, gumbad, not gunbad.
ه h is an aspirate like h in heart, hand; but at the end of a word, if preceded by the short vowel
- ↑ Transcriber's Note: The nūn is used as a placeholder for any preceding consonant.
