its sound is never that of u in use, perfume. In the Roman character it is represented by u unaccented.
In Persian these three short vowels are called respectively—
زَبَر zabar, " above."
زیر zer, "beneath."
پیش pesh, in front.
7. When a consonant is accompanied by one of the three vowels, fatḥa, kasra, or ẓamma, it is said to be مُتَحَرِّك mutaḥarrik, or moveable.
In Persian and Arabic, the first letter of a word is always accompanied, or moveable, by a vowel.When, in the middle or at the end of a word, a consonant is not accompanied by a vowel, it is said to be ساکن sākin, quiescent, or inert. Thus in the word مَرْدُم mardum, the م is moveable by fatḥa; the ر is inert, having no vowel ; د is moveable by ẓamma, and, finally, the م is inert. The symbol ْ called جزْم jazm, is placed over a consonant to show that it is inert, as in the example مَرْدُم mardum, "a man."
In Persian the last letter of a word is generally inert ; hence jazm is omitted.
