alif, not beginning a word or syllable, has always a
lengthened sound.
10. When و, inert, is preceded by a consonant
moveable by ẓamma, the ẓamma and و coalesce and form a sound like u in rule.
When و,[1] inert, is preceded by a consonant,
moveable by fatḥa, the fatḥa and و coalesce, and form a sound like ou in sound.
When و, inert, is preceded by a consonant move-
- ↑ When و is preceded by خ , moveable by fatḥa and followed by alif, the sound of و is almost imperceptible, as
in the words—
- خَواب khẉāb, "sleep," pronounced kh,āb.
khwdham, " I desire," pronounced kh,dham.
In such cases the j will not be sounded, and in the
Eoman character it will be represented by w.
When j , preceded by ^, moveable by fatha, and some-
times by zamma, or Jcasra, is followed by any of the nine
letters : <j SUU-'L/'J>> I> V ) t ^ ie J
occasionally loses its sound, as in the words :
.jji. pronounced Tfhad, not khaud or Jchawad.
.jji. pronounced kfiyd, not Jchiid.
^ji. pronounced khesh, not Jchiwesh.
This rule applies only to words purely Persian. In the
Eoman character, the w will in such words be omitted, and
the vowel marked with a dot, as M<
