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many years, and he was frequently subjected to the most atrocious tortures, but constantly protested his innocence. It has been asserted that Campanella was a madman; he did lose his reason for a time, owing to the tortures he underwent, but that this aberration was only temporary is proved by the works which he wrote while in prison and by the course of his life after his twenty-seven years of imprisonment were over. The last twelve years which he lived after his liberation were comparatively prosperous. He was well treated by the Pope, and protected and honored by Cardinal Richelieu. He died in Paris in 1659.
E. Ritchie.
